Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study
A systematic study is presented to explore the NH<sub>4</sub>CN polymerization induced by microwave (MW) radiation, keeping in mind the recent growing interest in these polymers in material science. Thus, a first approach through two series, varying the reaction times and the temperature...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/57 |
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| author | Cristina Pérez-Fernández Pilar Valles Elena González-Toril Eva Mateo-Martí José Luis de la Fuente Marta Ruiz-Bermejo |
| author_facet | Cristina Pérez-Fernández Pilar Valles Elena González-Toril Eva Mateo-Martí José Luis de la Fuente Marta Ruiz-Bermejo |
| author_sort | Cristina Pérez-Fernández |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A systematic study is presented to explore the NH<sub>4</sub>CN polymerization induced by microwave (MW) radiation, keeping in mind the recent growing interest in these polymers in material science. Thus, a first approach through two series, varying the reaction times and the temperatures between 130 and 205 °C, was conducted. As a relevant outcome, using particular reaction conditions, polymer conversions similar to those obtained by means of conventional thermal methods were achieved, with the advantage of a very significant reduction of the reaction times. The structural properties of the end products were evaluated using compositional data, spectroscopic measurements, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, based on the principal component analysis (PCA) from the main experimental results collected, practically only the crystallographic features and the morphologies in the nanoscale were affected by the MW-driven polymerization conditions with respect to those obtained by classical syntheses. Therefore, MW radiation allows us to tune the morphology, size and shape of the particles from the bidimensional C=N networks which are characteristic of the NH<sub>4</sub>CN polymers by an easy, fast, low-cost and green-solvent production. These new insights make these macromolecular systems attractive for exploration in current soft-matter science. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15789c5826974ab8a1279eba1832c247 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:24:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-15789c5826974ab8a1279eba1832c2472023-11-23T12:09:11ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-12-011415710.3390/polym14010057Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative StudyCristina Pérez-Fernández0Pilar Valles1Elena González-Toril2Eva Mateo-Martí3José Luis de la Fuente4Marta Ruiz-Bermejo5Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Departamento de Evolución Molecular, Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainInstituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainCentro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Departamento de Evolución Molecular, Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainCentro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Departamento de Evolución Molecular, Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainInstituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainCentro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Departamento de Evolución Molecular, Ctra. Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainA systematic study is presented to explore the NH<sub>4</sub>CN polymerization induced by microwave (MW) radiation, keeping in mind the recent growing interest in these polymers in material science. Thus, a first approach through two series, varying the reaction times and the temperatures between 130 and 205 °C, was conducted. As a relevant outcome, using particular reaction conditions, polymer conversions similar to those obtained by means of conventional thermal methods were achieved, with the advantage of a very significant reduction of the reaction times. The structural properties of the end products were evaluated using compositional data, spectroscopic measurements, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, based on the principal component analysis (PCA) from the main experimental results collected, practically only the crystallographic features and the morphologies in the nanoscale were affected by the MW-driven polymerization conditions with respect to those obtained by classical syntheses. Therefore, MW radiation allows us to tune the morphology, size and shape of the particles from the bidimensional C=N networks which are characteristic of the NH<sub>4</sub>CN polymers by an easy, fast, low-cost and green-solvent production. These new insights make these macromolecular systems attractive for exploration in current soft-matter science.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/57HCN polymerscyanide polymerizationmicrowave-driven polymerizationnanoparticlesnanofibersmultifunctional materials |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Pérez-Fernández Pilar Valles Elena González-Toril Eva Mateo-Martí José Luis de la Fuente Marta Ruiz-Bermejo Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study Polymers HCN polymers cyanide polymerization microwave-driven polymerization nanoparticles nanofibers multifunctional materials |
| title | Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study |
| title_full | Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study |
| title_fullStr | Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study |
| title_short | Tuning the Morphology in the Nanoscale of NH<sub>4</sub>CN Polymers Synthesized by Microwave Radiation: A Comparative Study |
| title_sort | tuning the morphology in the nanoscale of nh sub 4 sub cn polymers synthesized by microwave radiation a comparative study |
| topic | HCN polymers cyanide polymerization microwave-driven polymerization nanoparticles nanofibers multifunctional materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/1/57 |
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