City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact
Air pollution by aerosol particles is mainly monitored as mass concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. However, mass-based measurements are hardly representative for ultrafine particles (UFP), which can only be monitored adequately...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1797489979423719424 |
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| author | Marvin Lauenburg Matthias Karl Volker Matthias Markus Quante Martin Otto Paul Ramacher |
| author_facet | Marvin Lauenburg Matthias Karl Volker Matthias Markus Quante Martin Otto Paul Ramacher |
| author_sort | Marvin Lauenburg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Air pollution by aerosol particles is mainly monitored as mass concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. However, mass-based measurements are hardly representative for ultrafine particles (UFP), which can only be monitored adequately by particle number (PN) concentrations and are considered particularly harmful to human health. This study examines the dispersion of UFP in Hamburg city center and, in particular, the impact of passenger ferryboats by modeling PN concentrations and compares concentrations to measured values. To this end, emissions inventories and emission size spectra for different emission sectors influencing concentrations in the city center were created, explicitly considering passenger ferryboat traffic as an additional emission source. The city-scale chemical transport model EPISODE-CityChem is applied for the first time to simulate PN concentrations and additionally, observations of total particle number counts are taken at four different sampling sites in the city. Modeled UFP concentrations are in the range of 1.5–3 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> at ferryboat piers and at the road traffic locations with particle sizes predominantly below 50 nm. Urban background concentrations are at 0.4–1.2 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> with a predominant particle size in the range 50–100 nm. Ferryboat traffic is a significant source of emissions near the shore along the regular ferry routes. Modeled concentrations show slight differences to measured data, but the model is capable of reproducing the observed spatial variation of UFP concentrations. UFP show strong variations in both space and time, with day-to-day variations mainly controlled by differences in air temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Further model simulations should focus on longer periods of time to better understand the influence of meteorological conditions on UFP dynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-157fcd50d0b14edd984fceb457ff0969 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:25:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-157fcd50d0b14edd984fceb457ff09692023-11-23T15:34:45ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-12-01101310.3390/toxics10010003City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission ImpactMarvin Lauenburg0Matthias Karl1Volker Matthias2Markus Quante3Martin Otto Paul Ramacher4Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyAir pollution by aerosol particles is mainly monitored as mass concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. However, mass-based measurements are hardly representative for ultrafine particles (UFP), which can only be monitored adequately by particle number (PN) concentrations and are considered particularly harmful to human health. This study examines the dispersion of UFP in Hamburg city center and, in particular, the impact of passenger ferryboats by modeling PN concentrations and compares concentrations to measured values. To this end, emissions inventories and emission size spectra for different emission sectors influencing concentrations in the city center were created, explicitly considering passenger ferryboat traffic as an additional emission source. The city-scale chemical transport model EPISODE-CityChem is applied for the first time to simulate PN concentrations and additionally, observations of total particle number counts are taken at four different sampling sites in the city. Modeled UFP concentrations are in the range of 1.5–3 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> at ferryboat piers and at the road traffic locations with particle sizes predominantly below 50 nm. Urban background concentrations are at 0.4–1.2 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> with a predominant particle size in the range 50–100 nm. Ferryboat traffic is a significant source of emissions near the shore along the regular ferry routes. Modeled concentrations show slight differences to measured data, but the model is capable of reproducing the observed spatial variation of UFP concentrations. UFP show strong variations in both space and time, with day-to-day variations mainly controlled by differences in air temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Further model simulations should focus on longer periods of time to better understand the influence of meteorological conditions on UFP dynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/3ultrafine particlesurban air qualityin-land ferryboat emissionschemistry transport modelparticle number size distributioncity scale modeling |
| spellingShingle | Marvin Lauenburg Matthias Karl Volker Matthias Markus Quante Martin Otto Paul Ramacher City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact Toxics ultrafine particles urban air quality in-land ferryboat emissions chemistry transport model particle number size distribution city scale modeling |
| title | City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact |
| title_full | City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact |
| title_fullStr | City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact |
| title_full_unstemmed | City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact |
| title_short | City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact |
| title_sort | city scale modeling of ultrafine particles in urban areas with special focus on passenger ferryboat emission impact |
| topic | ultrafine particles urban air quality in-land ferryboat emissions chemistry transport model particle number size distribution city scale modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/1/3 |
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