Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO
Smoke injection height (SIH) determines the distance and direction of smoke transport, thus impacting the atmospheric environment. In this study, we used Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data coupled with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/3/390 |
| _version_ | 1797471560205860864 |
|---|---|
| author | Wenjia Wang Qixing Zhang Ranran Zhao Jie Luo Yongming Zhang |
| author_facet | Wenjia Wang Qixing Zhang Ranran Zhao Jie Luo Yongming Zhang |
| author_sort | Wenjia Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smoke injection height (SIH) determines the distance and direction of smoke transport, thus impacting the atmospheric environment. In this study, we used Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data coupled with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model to derive the SIH values during the peak forest and grassland fire seasons from 2012 to 2017 in Southwest China. The results suggest that the SIH values ranged from 2500 m to 2890 m. An analysis of the dependence of SIH on fire characteristics revealed no obvious correlation between SIH and fire radiative power (FRP) because other factors in addition to FRP have an important impact on SIH. Moreover, MODIS FRP data has a drawback in representing the energy released by real fires, also leading to this result. The topographic variables of forest and grassland fires in Southwest China are very different. Complex topography affects SIH by affecting fire intensity and interactions with wind. A comparison of the SIHs with boundary layer height reveals that 75% of the SIHs are above the boundary layer. Compared with other areas, a higher percentage of free troposphere injection occurs in Southwest China, indicating that smoke can cause air pollution over large ranges. Our work provides a better understanding of the transport and vertical distribution of smoke in Southwest China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1583735f61484985b699b30f2212cd4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:49:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-1583735f61484985b699b30f2212cd4c2023-11-24T01:12:25ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-02-0113339010.3390/f13030390Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSOWenjia Wang0Qixing Zhang1Ranran Zhao2Jie Luo3Yongming Zhang4State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaState Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, ChinaSmoke injection height (SIH) determines the distance and direction of smoke transport, thus impacting the atmospheric environment. In this study, we used Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data coupled with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model to derive the SIH values during the peak forest and grassland fire seasons from 2012 to 2017 in Southwest China. The results suggest that the SIH values ranged from 2500 m to 2890 m. An analysis of the dependence of SIH on fire characteristics revealed no obvious correlation between SIH and fire radiative power (FRP) because other factors in addition to FRP have an important impact on SIH. Moreover, MODIS FRP data has a drawback in representing the energy released by real fires, also leading to this result. The topographic variables of forest and grassland fires in Southwest China are very different. Complex topography affects SIH by affecting fire intensity and interactions with wind. A comparison of the SIHs with boundary layer height reveals that 75% of the SIHs are above the boundary layer. Compared with other areas, a higher percentage of free troposphere injection occurs in Southwest China, indicating that smoke can cause air pollution over large ranges. Our work provides a better understanding of the transport and vertical distribution of smoke in Southwest China.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/3/390forest and grassland firessmoke injection heightCloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modelSouthwest China |
| spellingShingle | Wenjia Wang Qixing Zhang Ranran Zhao Jie Luo Yongming Zhang Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO Forests forest and grassland fires smoke injection height Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model Southwest China |
| title | Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO |
| title_full | Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO |
| title_fullStr | Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO |
| title_short | Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO |
| title_sort | smoke injection heights from forest and grassland fires in southwest china observed by calipso |
| topic | forest and grassland fires smoke injection height Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model Southwest China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/3/390 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenjiawang smokeinjectionheightsfromforestandgrasslandfiresinsouthwestchinaobservedbycalipso AT qixingzhang smokeinjectionheightsfromforestandgrasslandfiresinsouthwestchinaobservedbycalipso AT ranranzhao smokeinjectionheightsfromforestandgrasslandfiresinsouthwestchinaobservedbycalipso AT jieluo smokeinjectionheightsfromforestandgrasslandfiresinsouthwestchinaobservedbycalipso AT yongmingzhang smokeinjectionheightsfromforestandgrasslandfiresinsouthwestchinaobservedbycalipso |