The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury
(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-124-3p microglial exosomes, as they were previously reported to modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) Methods: Studies investigating the impact of microglia...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1924 |
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| author | Ioannis Mavroudis Ioana-Miruna Balmus Alin Ciobica Mircea Nicusor Nicoara Alina Costina Luca Dragos Octavian Palade |
| author_facet | Ioannis Mavroudis Ioana-Miruna Balmus Alin Ciobica Mircea Nicusor Nicoara Alina Costina Luca Dragos Octavian Palade |
| author_sort | Ioannis Mavroudis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-124-3p microglial exosomes, as they were previously reported to modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) Methods: Studies investigating the impact of microglial exosomal miRNAs, specifically miR-124-3p, on injured neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) in the context of TBI were reviewed. (3) Results: Animal models of TBI, in vitro cell culture experiments, RNA sequencing analysis, and functional assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes on neuroinflammation and neuronal repair. Anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of microglia, mTOR signaling suppression, and BMVECs-mediated autophagy were reported as the main processes contributing to neuroprotection, reduced blood-brain barrier leakage, and improved neurologic outcomes in animal models of TBI. (4) Conclusions: Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize their delivery strategies for effective treatment in human TBI cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:31:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15899985eba44c099a6e88e12cce6525 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:31:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-15899985eba44c099a6e88e12cce65252023-11-19T11:38:11ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-09-01139192410.3390/life13091924The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain InjuryIoannis Mavroudis0Ioana-Miruna Balmus1Alin Ciobica2Mircea Nicusor Nicoara3Alina Costina Luca4Dragos Octavian Palade5Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKDepartment of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Str. Alexandru Lapusneanu, no. 26, 700057 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-124-3p microglial exosomes, as they were previously reported to modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) Methods: Studies investigating the impact of microglial exosomal miRNAs, specifically miR-124-3p, on injured neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) in the context of TBI were reviewed. (3) Results: Animal models of TBI, in vitro cell culture experiments, RNA sequencing analysis, and functional assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes on neuroinflammation and neuronal repair. Anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of microglia, mTOR signaling suppression, and BMVECs-mediated autophagy were reported as the main processes contributing to neuroprotection, reduced blood-brain barrier leakage, and improved neurologic outcomes in animal models of TBI. (4) Conclusions: Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize their delivery strategies for effective treatment in human TBI cases.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1924traumatic brain injurymesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomesmicrogliamiR-124-3p |
| spellingShingle | Ioannis Mavroudis Ioana-Miruna Balmus Alin Ciobica Mircea Nicusor Nicoara Alina Costina Luca Dragos Octavian Palade The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury Life traumatic brain injury mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes microglia miR-124-3p |
| title | The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_full | The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_short | The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury |
| title_sort | role of microglial exosomes and mir 124 3p in neuroinflammation and neuronal repair after traumatic brain injury |
| topic | traumatic brain injury mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes microglia miR-124-3p |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/9/1924 |
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