Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma.
Cross-reactive epitopes (CREs) are similar epitopes on viruses that are recognized or neutralized by same antibodies. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2, similar to type I fusion proteins of viruses such as HIV-1 envelope (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin, is heavily glycosylated. Viral Env glycans, though...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2021-09-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009958 |
| _version_ | 1831668200310308864 |
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| author | Nitesh Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Swarandeep Singh Tanu Bansal Nishkarsh Jain Sumedha Saluja Rajesh Kumar Sankar Bhattacharyya Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy Riyaz Ahmad Mir Subrata Sinha Kalpana Luthra |
| author_facet | Nitesh Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Swarandeep Singh Tanu Bansal Nishkarsh Jain Sumedha Saluja Rajesh Kumar Sankar Bhattacharyya Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy Riyaz Ahmad Mir Subrata Sinha Kalpana Luthra |
| author_sort | Nitesh Mishra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cross-reactive epitopes (CREs) are similar epitopes on viruses that are recognized or neutralized by same antibodies. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2, similar to type I fusion proteins of viruses such as HIV-1 envelope (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin, is heavily glycosylated. Viral Env glycans, though host derived, are distinctly processed and thereby recognized or accommodated during antibody responses. In recent years, highly potent and/or broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (bnAbs) that are generated in chronic HIV-1 infections have been defined. These bnAbs exhibit atypical features such as extensive somatic hypermutations, long complementary determining region (CDR) lengths, tyrosine sulfation and presence of insertions/deletions, enabling them to effectively neutralize diverse HIV-1 viruses despite extensive variations within the core epitopes they recognize. As some of the HIV-1 bnAbs have evolved to recognize the dense viral glycans and cross-reactive epitopes (CREs), we assessed if these bnAbs cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Several HIV-1 bnAbs showed cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 while one HIV-1 CD4 binding site bnAb, N6, neutralized SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, neutralizing plasma antibodies of chronically HIV-1 infected children showed cross neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Collectively, our observations suggest that human monoclonal antibodies tolerating extensive epitope variability can be leveraged to neutralize pathogens with related antigenic profile. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:26:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15947e0f27204526b41b1546e900ecd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T20:26:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-15947e0f27204526b41b1546e900ecd32022-12-21T20:06:50ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742021-09-01179e100995810.1371/journal.ppat.1009958Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma.Nitesh MishraSanjeev KumarSwarandeep SinghTanu BansalNishkarsh JainSumedha SalujaRajesh KumarSankar BhattacharyyaJayanth Kumar PalanichamyRiyaz Ahmad MirSubrata SinhaKalpana LuthraCross-reactive epitopes (CREs) are similar epitopes on viruses that are recognized or neutralized by same antibodies. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2, similar to type I fusion proteins of viruses such as HIV-1 envelope (Env) and influenza hemagglutinin, is heavily glycosylated. Viral Env glycans, though host derived, are distinctly processed and thereby recognized or accommodated during antibody responses. In recent years, highly potent and/or broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (bnAbs) that are generated in chronic HIV-1 infections have been defined. These bnAbs exhibit atypical features such as extensive somatic hypermutations, long complementary determining region (CDR) lengths, tyrosine sulfation and presence of insertions/deletions, enabling them to effectively neutralize diverse HIV-1 viruses despite extensive variations within the core epitopes they recognize. As some of the HIV-1 bnAbs have evolved to recognize the dense viral glycans and cross-reactive epitopes (CREs), we assessed if these bnAbs cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Several HIV-1 bnAbs showed cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 while one HIV-1 CD4 binding site bnAb, N6, neutralized SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, neutralizing plasma antibodies of chronically HIV-1 infected children showed cross neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Collectively, our observations suggest that human monoclonal antibodies tolerating extensive epitope variability can be leveraged to neutralize pathogens with related antigenic profile.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009958 |
| spellingShingle | Nitesh Mishra Sanjeev Kumar Swarandeep Singh Tanu Bansal Nishkarsh Jain Sumedha Saluja Rajesh Kumar Sankar Bhattacharyya Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy Riyaz Ahmad Mir Subrata Sinha Kalpana Luthra Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. |
| title_full | Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. |
| title_fullStr | Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. |
| title_short | Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by HIV-1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma. |
| title_sort | cross neutralization of sars cov 2 by hiv 1 specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and polyclonal plasma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009958 |
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