Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin
Environmental conditions can strongly influence the growth performance of pearl oysters and affect pearl farm production schedules. Growth and condition index (CI) of two age cohorts of Pteria penguin were measured for 13 months to investigate differences in growth performance between four culture s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.618910/full |
| _version_ | 1818369401572818944 |
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| author | Sophie E. Gordon Sophie E. Gordon Max Wingfield Max Wingfield Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Siola’a Malimali Tu’ikologahau Halafihi David S. Schoeman David S. Schoeman Paul C. Southgate Paul C. Southgate |
| author_facet | Sophie E. Gordon Sophie E. Gordon Max Wingfield Max Wingfield Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Siola’a Malimali Tu’ikologahau Halafihi David S. Schoeman David S. Schoeman Paul C. Southgate Paul C. Southgate |
| author_sort | Sophie E. Gordon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental conditions can strongly influence the growth performance of pearl oysters and affect pearl farm production schedules. Growth and condition index (CI) of two age cohorts of Pteria penguin were measured for 13 months to investigate differences in growth performance between four culture sites within the northern (Vava’u) and southern (Tongatapu) island groups of the Kingdom of Tonga. Environmental conditions were also measured at culture sites and used to explore potential effects on oyster growth and condition. Between island groups, growth performance of P. penguin was superior at northern sites and was most strongly related to higher water temperatures at these sites. Within the southern island group, growth performance varied significantly between sites and may be driven by differences in wave energy. Monthly growth rates (GM) of P. penguin also showed significant temporal variation related to age and environmental conditions. This study demonstrated significant variation in the growth performance of P. penguin at latitudinal and local scales and suggests that in oligotrophic marine environments with minimal terrestrial inputs, such as Tonga, water temperature and wave exposure may be the primary environmental conditions influencing the growth performance of P. penguin. This study therefore recommends that optimal culture sites for P. penguin in Tonga are characterized primarily by warmer water temperatures (25–30°C) and low wave exposure (<15 joules m2 day–1). Culture of P. penguin at sites with more suitable environmental conditions enables pearl production to begin up to 34.2 % (6.5 months) earlier than at less-suitable sites and this may greatly influence mabé pearl farm profitability and feasibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:23:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15955b361f484fab8ca804988d22ffe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T23:23:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-15955b361f484fab8ca804988d22ffe02022-12-21T23:27:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-03-01810.3389/fmars.2021.618910618910Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguinSophie E. Gordon0Sophie E. Gordon1Max Wingfield2Max Wingfield3Patrick F. Smallhorn-West4Patrick F. Smallhorn-West5Siola’a Malimali6Tu’ikologahau Halafihi7David S. Schoeman8David S. Schoeman9Paul C. Southgate10Paul C. Southgate11School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaAustralian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaAustralian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaWorldFish, Bayan Lepas, MalaysiaAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, AustraliaScience Division, Ministry of Fisheries, Nuku’alofa, TongaScience Division, Ministry of Fisheries, Nuku’alofa, TongaGlobal-Change Ecology Research Group, School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaCentre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South AfricaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaAustralian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, AustraliaEnvironmental conditions can strongly influence the growth performance of pearl oysters and affect pearl farm production schedules. Growth and condition index (CI) of two age cohorts of Pteria penguin were measured for 13 months to investigate differences in growth performance between four culture sites within the northern (Vava’u) and southern (Tongatapu) island groups of the Kingdom of Tonga. Environmental conditions were also measured at culture sites and used to explore potential effects on oyster growth and condition. Between island groups, growth performance of P. penguin was superior at northern sites and was most strongly related to higher water temperatures at these sites. Within the southern island group, growth performance varied significantly between sites and may be driven by differences in wave energy. Monthly growth rates (GM) of P. penguin also showed significant temporal variation related to age and environmental conditions. This study demonstrated significant variation in the growth performance of P. penguin at latitudinal and local scales and suggests that in oligotrophic marine environments with minimal terrestrial inputs, such as Tonga, water temperature and wave exposure may be the primary environmental conditions influencing the growth performance of P. penguin. This study therefore recommends that optimal culture sites for P. penguin in Tonga are characterized primarily by warmer water temperatures (25–30°C) and low wave exposure (<15 joules m2 day–1). Culture of P. penguin at sites with more suitable environmental conditions enables pearl production to begin up to 34.2 % (6.5 months) earlier than at less-suitable sites and this may greatly influence mabé pearl farm profitability and feasibility.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.618910/fullPteria penguinpearl oystergrowthproductivityenvironmental variables |
| spellingShingle | Sophie E. Gordon Sophie E. Gordon Max Wingfield Max Wingfield Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Patrick F. Smallhorn-West Siola’a Malimali Tu’ikologahau Halafihi David S. Schoeman David S. Schoeman Paul C. Southgate Paul C. Southgate Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin Frontiers in Marine Science Pteria penguin pearl oyster growth productivity environmental variables |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Variation in Growth Performance and Condition of the Winged Pearl Oyster Pteria penguin |
| title_sort | spatio temporal variation in growth performance and condition of the winged pearl oyster pteria penguin |
| topic | Pteria penguin pearl oyster growth productivity environmental variables |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.618910/full |
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