<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) plants from the family <i>Cannabidaceae</i> have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are the main pharmaco...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/660 |
| _version_ | 1827621894741819392 |
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| author | Dalia M. Kopustinskiene Ruta Masteikova Robertas Lazauskas Jurga Bernatoniene |
| author_facet | Dalia M. Kopustinskiene Ruta Masteikova Robertas Lazauskas Jurga Bernatoniene |
| author_sort | Dalia M. Kopustinskiene |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) plants from the family <i>Cannabidaceae</i> have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are the main pharmacologically active compounds of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>. These compounds have, for a long time, been under extensive investigation, and their potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties have been reported, although the detailed mechanisms of their actions have not been fully clarified. CB1 receptors are suggested to be responsible for the analgesic effect of THC, while CB2 receptors may account for its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike THC, CBD has a very low affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and behaves as their negative allosteric modulator. CBD activity, as a CB2 receptor inverse agonist, could be important for CBD anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the chemical properties and bioavailability of THC and CBD, their main mechanisms of action, and their role in oxidative stress and inflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1598ea39150b49b29ae4c8c188e295f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:14:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-1598ea39150b49b29ae4c8c188e295f42023-12-01T00:34:33ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-03-0111466010.3390/antiox11040660<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and InflammationDalia M. Kopustinskiene0Ruta Masteikova1Robertas Lazauskas2Jurga Bernatoniene3Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 61200 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaCannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.) plants from the family <i>Cannabidaceae</i> have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are the main pharmacologically active compounds of <i>Cannabis sativa</i>. These compounds have, for a long time, been under extensive investigation, and their potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties have been reported, although the detailed mechanisms of their actions have not been fully clarified. CB1 receptors are suggested to be responsible for the analgesic effect of THC, while CB2 receptors may account for its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike THC, CBD has a very low affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and behaves as their negative allosteric modulator. CBD activity, as a CB2 receptor inverse agonist, could be important for CBD anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the chemical properties and bioavailability of THC and CBD, their main mechanisms of action, and their role in oxidative stress and inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/660<i>Cannabis sativa</i>delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolcannabidioloxidative stressinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Dalia M. Kopustinskiene Ruta Masteikova Robertas Lazauskas Jurga Bernatoniene <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Antioxidants <i>Cannabis sativa</i> delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol oxidative stress inflammation |
| title | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
| title_full | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
| title_short | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Bioactive Compounds and Their Protective Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation |
| title_sort | i cannabis sativa i l bioactive compounds and their protective role in oxidative stress and inflammation |
| topic | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol oxidative stress inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/4/660 |
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