Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association
Abstract Background Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7 |
| _version_ | 1818262178058207232 |
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| author | Frederik Franke Sophie A. O. Armitage Megan A. M. Kutzer Joachim Kurtz Jörn P. Scharsack |
| author_facet | Frederik Franke Sophie A. O. Armitage Megan A. M. Kutzer Joachim Kurtz Jörn P. Scharsack |
| author_sort | Frederik Franke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasites. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus (Müller, 1776), originating from a cold and a warm water site of a volcanic lake, we subjected sympatric and allopatric host-parasite combinations to cold and warm conditions in a fully crossed design. We predicted that warm temperatures would promote the development of the parasites, while the hosts might benefit from cooler temperatures. We further expected adaptations to the local temperature and mutual adaptations of local host-parasite pairs. Results Overall, S. solidus parasites grew faster at warm temperatures and stickleback hosts at cold temperatures. On a finer scale, we observed that parasites were able to exploit their hosts more efficiently at the parasite’s temperature of origin. In contrast, host tolerance towards parasite infection was higher when sticklebacks were infected with parasites at the parasite’s ‘foreign’ temperature. Cold-origin sticklebacks tended to grow faster and parasite infection induced a stronger immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest that increasing environmental temperatures promote the parasite rather than the host and that host tolerance is dependent on the interaction between parasite infection and temperature. Sticklebacks might use tolerance mechanisms towards parasite infection in combination with their high plasticity towards temperature changes to cope with increasing parasite infection pressures and rising temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:58:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15b20d4991d84f6e8d891951e076df68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:58:59Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-15b20d4991d84f6e8d891951e076df682022-12-22T00:15:08ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052017-06-0110111110.1186/s13071-017-2192-7Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm associationFrederik Franke0Sophie A. O. Armitage1Megan A. M. Kutzer2Joachim Kurtz3Jörn P. Scharsack4Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterInstitute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterAbstract Background Increasing temperatures are predicted to strongly impact host-parasite interactions, but empirical tests are rare. Host species that are naturally exposed to a broad temperature spectrum offer the possibility to investigate the effects of elevated temperatures on hosts and parasites. Using three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., and tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus (Müller, 1776), originating from a cold and a warm water site of a volcanic lake, we subjected sympatric and allopatric host-parasite combinations to cold and warm conditions in a fully crossed design. We predicted that warm temperatures would promote the development of the parasites, while the hosts might benefit from cooler temperatures. We further expected adaptations to the local temperature and mutual adaptations of local host-parasite pairs. Results Overall, S. solidus parasites grew faster at warm temperatures and stickleback hosts at cold temperatures. On a finer scale, we observed that parasites were able to exploit their hosts more efficiently at the parasite’s temperature of origin. In contrast, host tolerance towards parasite infection was higher when sticklebacks were infected with parasites at the parasite’s ‘foreign’ temperature. Cold-origin sticklebacks tended to grow faster and parasite infection induced a stronger immune response. Conclusions Our results suggest that increasing environmental temperatures promote the parasite rather than the host and that host tolerance is dependent on the interaction between parasite infection and temperature. Sticklebacks might use tolerance mechanisms towards parasite infection in combination with their high plasticity towards temperature changes to cope with increasing parasite infection pressures and rising temperatures.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7Host-parasite interactionFitnessToleranceEnvironmentTemperatureGasterosteus aculeatus |
| spellingShingle | Frederik Franke Sophie A. O. Armitage Megan A. M. Kutzer Joachim Kurtz Jörn P. Scharsack Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association Parasites & Vectors Host-parasite interaction Fitness Tolerance Environment Temperature Gasterosteus aculeatus |
| title | Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association |
| title_full | Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association |
| title_fullStr | Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association |
| title_short | Environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade-offs and tolerance in a fish-tapeworm association |
| title_sort | environmental temperature variation influences fitness trade offs and tolerance in a fish tapeworm association |
| topic | Host-parasite interaction Fitness Tolerance Environment Temperature Gasterosteus aculeatus |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2192-7 |
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