Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon
Borneo Squall Line (BSL) is a disaster risk associated with intense rain and wind gust that affect the activities and residence near the northern coast of Borneo. Using 3-hourly rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V7 during southwest monsoon season (May–September) from 1998–...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/116 |
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| author | Fadila Jasmin Fakaruddin Najhan Azima Nawai Mahani Abllah Fredolin Tangang Liew Juneng |
| author_facet | Fadila Jasmin Fakaruddin Najhan Azima Nawai Mahani Abllah Fredolin Tangang Liew Juneng |
| author_sort | Fadila Jasmin Fakaruddin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Borneo Squall Line (BSL) is a disaster risk associated with intense rain and wind gust that affect the activities and residence near the northern coast of Borneo. Using 3-hourly rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V7 during southwest monsoon season (May–September) from 1998–2018, a total of 629 squall days were identified. Their monthly and annual average was 6 and 30 days, respectively, with July representing the month with the highest number of squall line days. BSL is frequently initiated during midnight/predawn and terminated in the morning. Composite analyses of BSL days using the daily winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim revealed that lower tropospheric wind convergence is a crucial controlling factor for BSL formation. The position of the monsoon trough closer to the equatorial South China Sea (SCS), and strong westerly and south-westerly winds played an important role in creating this wind convergence region. Analyses of tropical cyclone (TC) data from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC), Tokyo showed that nearly 72% of BSL occurred with the presence of TC. Spectral analysis exhibited prominent frequencies mainly in the 3–4- and 6-year time scale, which likely reflected the influence of interannual modulation of El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Correlation coefficient between squall days and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies indicated that BSL increased after La-Niña events. This study is expected to have implications for real-time squall line forecasting in Malaysia and contributes toward a better understanding of BSL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:55:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15b879d83fde4a8cba09160a40840ffc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:55:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-15b879d83fde4a8cba09160a40840ffc2023-11-23T12:57:25ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-01-0113111610.3390/atmos13010116Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest MonsoonFadila Jasmin Fakaruddin0Najhan Azima Nawai1Mahani Abllah2Fredolin Tangang3Liew Juneng4Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaBorneo Squall Line (BSL) is a disaster risk associated with intense rain and wind gust that affect the activities and residence near the northern coast of Borneo. Using 3-hourly rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42V7 during southwest monsoon season (May–September) from 1998–2018, a total of 629 squall days were identified. Their monthly and annual average was 6 and 30 days, respectively, with July representing the month with the highest number of squall line days. BSL is frequently initiated during midnight/predawn and terminated in the morning. Composite analyses of BSL days using the daily winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim revealed that lower tropospheric wind convergence is a crucial controlling factor for BSL formation. The position of the monsoon trough closer to the equatorial South China Sea (SCS), and strong westerly and south-westerly winds played an important role in creating this wind convergence region. Analyses of tropical cyclone (TC) data from the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC), Tokyo showed that nearly 72% of BSL occurred with the presence of TC. Spectral analysis exhibited prominent frequencies mainly in the 3–4- and 6-year time scale, which likely reflected the influence of interannual modulation of El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Correlation coefficient between squall days and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies indicated that BSL increased after La-Niña events. This study is expected to have implications for real-time squall line forecasting in Malaysia and contributes toward a better understanding of BSL.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/116squall linethunderstormMalaysiaBorneosouthwest monsoonsummer monsoon |
| spellingShingle | Fadila Jasmin Fakaruddin Najhan Azima Nawai Mahani Abllah Fredolin Tangang Liew Juneng Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon Atmosphere squall line thunderstorm Malaysia Borneo southwest monsoon summer monsoon |
| title | Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon |
| title_full | Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon |
| title_fullStr | Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon |
| title_short | Climatological Features of Squall Line at the Borneo Coastline during Southwest Monsoon |
| title_sort | climatological features of squall line at the borneo coastline during southwest monsoon |
| topic | squall line thunderstorm Malaysia Borneo southwest monsoon summer monsoon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/1/116 |
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