The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
A key criterion for the most common chronic liver disease—non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)—is an intrahepatic fat content above 5% in individuals who are not using steatogenic agents or having significant alcohol intake. Subjects with NAFLD have increased plasma concentrations of glucagon,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/12/4049 |
| _version_ | 1797544589574275072 |
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| author | Katrine D. Galsgaard |
| author_facet | Katrine D. Galsgaard |
| author_sort | Katrine D. Galsgaard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A key criterion for the most common chronic liver disease—non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)—is an intrahepatic fat content above 5% in individuals who are not using steatogenic agents or having significant alcohol intake. Subjects with NAFLD have increased plasma concentrations of glucagon, and emerging evidence indicates that subjects with NAFLD may show hepatic glucagon resistance. For many years, glucagon has been thought of as the counterregulatory hormone to insulin with a primary function of increasing blood glucose concentrations and protecting against hypoglycemia. However, in recent years, glucagon has re-emerged as an important regulator of other metabolic processes including lipid and amino acid/protein metabolism. This review discusses the evidence that in NAFLD, hepatic glucagon resistance may result in a dysregulated lipid and amino acid/protein metabolism, leading to excess accumulation of fat, hyperglucagonemia, and increased oxidative stress contributing to the worsening/progression of NAFLD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:03:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15bcae67b83a4d678fddf7c9643c3e72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:03:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-15bcae67b83a4d678fddf7c9643c3e722023-11-21T00:52:08ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-12-01912404910.3390/jcm9124049The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseKatrine D. Galsgaard0Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkA key criterion for the most common chronic liver disease—non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)—is an intrahepatic fat content above 5% in individuals who are not using steatogenic agents or having significant alcohol intake. Subjects with NAFLD have increased plasma concentrations of glucagon, and emerging evidence indicates that subjects with NAFLD may show hepatic glucagon resistance. For many years, glucagon has been thought of as the counterregulatory hormone to insulin with a primary function of increasing blood glucose concentrations and protecting against hypoglycemia. However, in recent years, glucagon has re-emerged as an important regulator of other metabolic processes including lipid and amino acid/protein metabolism. This review discusses the evidence that in NAFLD, hepatic glucagon resistance may result in a dysregulated lipid and amino acid/protein metabolism, leading to excess accumulation of fat, hyperglucagonemia, and increased oxidative stress contributing to the worsening/progression of NAFLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/12/4049autophagyamino acidsglucagonNAFLDthe liver–alpha cell axis |
| spellingShingle | Katrine D. Galsgaard The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Journal of Clinical Medicine autophagy amino acids glucagon NAFLD the liver–alpha cell axis |
| title | The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full | The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_short | The Vicious Circle of Hepatic Glucagon Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| title_sort | vicious circle of hepatic glucagon resistance in non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| topic | autophagy amino acids glucagon NAFLD the liver–alpha cell axis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/12/4049 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katrinedgalsgaard theviciouscircleofhepaticglucagonresistanceinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT katrinedgalsgaard viciouscircleofhepaticglucagonresistanceinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease |