Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development
The aim was to analyze the relations between homicidal violence, human development, inequality, population size, and urbanization rates in Brazilian municipalities. This is a retrospective ecological study of 5,570 Brazilian municipalities which analyzes the relations between the average rate of hom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2022001005002&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1798013841291870208 |
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| author | Clovis Wanzinack Marcos Cláudio Signorelli Clóvis Reis |
| author_facet | Clovis Wanzinack Marcos Cláudio Signorelli Clóvis Reis |
| author_sort | Clovis Wanzinack |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim was to analyze the relations between homicidal violence, human development, inequality, population size, and urbanization rates in Brazilian municipalities. This is a retrospective ecological study of 5,570 Brazilian municipalities which analyzes the relations between the average rate of homicides registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (from 2005 to 2015) and selected indicators: municipal human development indices (HDI-M), Gini index, urbanization rates, and quantitative population. Analysis of the relative effect (%) of the variables on the risk for homicidal violence showed a greater association with more populous municipalities (log 10) (80.8%, 95%CI: 73.0; 88.8), more urbanized ones (8%, 95%CI: 6.7; 9.2), with higher Gini index (6%, 95%CI: 2.6; 9.5); whereas the relation with HDI-M is inverse (-17.1%, 95%CI: -21.4; -12.6). National policies which aim to limit population growth and the urbanization of the most populous Brazilian cities could reduce homicide rates across the country. Reducing inequalities and investing in municipal social education, health, and income policies could also reduce the number of homicides. We estimated that improving the HDI-M of the municipalities by 0.1 would cause a national reduction between 7,560 and 12,834 annual homicides, whereas decreasing income inequality (Gini index) by 0.1 would mean saving between 1,569 to 5,448 lives per year. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:07:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15bef48c24754c01908b5ca05277ec88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-4464 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:07:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
| spelling | doaj.art-15bef48c24754c01908b5ca05277ec882022-12-22T04:16:43ZengEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo CruzCadernos de Saúde Pública1678-44642022-11-01381010.1590/0102-311xen282621Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and developmentClovis Wanzinackhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1859-763XMarcos Cláudio Signorellihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-0121Clóvis Reishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8131-9229The aim was to analyze the relations between homicidal violence, human development, inequality, population size, and urbanization rates in Brazilian municipalities. This is a retrospective ecological study of 5,570 Brazilian municipalities which analyzes the relations between the average rate of homicides registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (from 2005 to 2015) and selected indicators: municipal human development indices (HDI-M), Gini index, urbanization rates, and quantitative population. Analysis of the relative effect (%) of the variables on the risk for homicidal violence showed a greater association with more populous municipalities (log 10) (80.8%, 95%CI: 73.0; 88.8), more urbanized ones (8%, 95%CI: 6.7; 9.2), with higher Gini index (6%, 95%CI: 2.6; 9.5); whereas the relation with HDI-M is inverse (-17.1%, 95%CI: -21.4; -12.6). National policies which aim to limit population growth and the urbanization of the most populous Brazilian cities could reduce homicide rates across the country. Reducing inequalities and investing in municipal social education, health, and income policies could also reduce the number of homicides. We estimated that improving the HDI-M of the municipalities by 0.1 would cause a national reduction between 7,560 and 12,834 annual homicides, whereas decreasing income inequality (Gini index) by 0.1 would mean saving between 1,569 to 5,448 lives per year.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2022001005002&tlng=enHomicideHuman DevelopmentSocieconomic FactorsViolence |
| spellingShingle | Clovis Wanzinack Marcos Cláudio Signorelli Clóvis Reis Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development Cadernos de Saúde Pública Homicide Human Development Socieconomic Factors Violence |
| title | Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development |
| title_full | Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development |
| title_fullStr | Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development |
| title_short | Violence and social determinants of health in Brazil: association between homicides, urbanization, population, inequality, and development |
| title_sort | violence and social determinants of health in brazil association between homicides urbanization population inequality and development |
| topic | Homicide Human Development Socieconomic Factors Violence |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2022001005002&tlng=en |
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