Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors
Preparing electrode materials plays an essential role in the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. In general, heteroatom doping in carbon-based electrode materials enhances the electrochemical properties. Herein, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (PC) materials were pre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| author | Raji Atchudan Suguna Perumal Ashok K. Sundramoorthy Devaraj Manoj Raju Suresh Kumar Abdulrahman I. Almansour Yong Rok Lee |
| author_facet | Raji Atchudan Suguna Perumal Ashok K. Sundramoorthy Devaraj Manoj Raju Suresh Kumar Abdulrahman I. Almansour Yong Rok Lee |
| author_sort | Raji Atchudan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Preparing electrode materials plays an essential role in the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. In general, heteroatom doping in carbon-based electrode materials enhances the electrochemical properties. Herein, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (PC) materials were prepared by direct pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) nut-skin waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The as-prepared AO-PC material possessed interconnected micropore/mesopore structures and exhibited a high specific surface area of 615 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. The Raman spectrum revealed a moderate degree of graphitization of AO-PC materials. These superior properties of the as-prepared AO-PC material help to deliver high specific capacitance. After fabricating the working electrode, the electrochemical performances including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous solution using a three-electrode configuration for supercapacitor applications. The AO-PC material delivered a high specific capacitance of 193 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The AO-PC material demonstrated <97% capacitance retention even after 10,000 cycles of charge–discharge at the current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. All the above outcomes confirmed that the as-prepared AO-PC from AO nut-skin waste via simple pyrolysis is an ideal electrode material for fabricating high-performance supercapacitors. Moreover, this work provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy for adding value to biomass waste by a simple pyrolysis route. |
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| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:26:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-15d999eb7dfb417fa3ec63b8c9c678312023-11-18T02:42:48ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-05-011310165410.3390/nano13101654Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards SupercapacitorsRaji Atchudan0Suguna Perumal1Ashok K. Sundramoorthy2Devaraj Manoj3Raju Suresh Kumar4Abdulrahman I. Almansour5Yong Rok Lee6School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaPreparing electrode materials plays an essential role in the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors. In general, heteroatom doping in carbon-based electrode materials enhances the electrochemical properties. Herein, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur co-doped porous carbon (PC) materials were prepared by direct pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> (AO) nut-skin waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The as-prepared AO-PC material possessed interconnected micropore/mesopore structures and exhibited a high specific surface area of 615 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. The Raman spectrum revealed a moderate degree of graphitization of AO-PC materials. These superior properties of the as-prepared AO-PC material help to deliver high specific capacitance. After fabricating the working electrode, the electrochemical performances including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> aqueous solution using a three-electrode configuration for supercapacitor applications. The AO-PC material delivered a high specific capacitance of 193 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The AO-PC material demonstrated <97% capacitance retention even after 10,000 cycles of charge–discharge at the current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. All the above outcomes confirmed that the as-prepared AO-PC from AO nut-skin waste via simple pyrolysis is an ideal electrode material for fabricating high-performance supercapacitors. Moreover, this work provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategy for adding value to biomass waste by a simple pyrolysis route.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1654<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>biomass wasteporous carbonpyrolysissupercapacitorenvironmentally friendly |
| spellingShingle | Raji Atchudan Suguna Perumal Ashok K. Sundramoorthy Devaraj Manoj Raju Suresh Kumar Abdulrahman I. Almansour Yong Rok Lee Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors Nanomaterials <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> biomass waste porous carbon pyrolysis supercapacitor environmentally friendly |
| title | Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors |
| title_full | Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors |
| title_fullStr | Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors |
| title_short | Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Porous Carbon by Direct Pyrolysis of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Nut-Skin Waste and Its Utilization towards Supercapacitors |
| title_sort | facile synthesis of functionalized porous carbon by direct pyrolysis of i anacardium occidentale i nut skin waste and its utilization towards supercapacitors |
| topic | <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> biomass waste porous carbon pyrolysis supercapacitor environmentally friendly |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1654 |
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