Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report
Abstract Background To report a case of unusual presentation of retinochoroiditis caused by Rickettsia typhi in a patient without prior uveitis. Case presentation In this case, we describe a 24-year-old male soldier with no previous eye disease, who was referred to our ophthalmology department due t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03329-5 |
| _version_ | 1797266820091084800 |
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| author | Joanne Makhoul Yael Ben-Arie-Weintrob Dror Ben Ephraim Noyman |
| author_facet | Joanne Makhoul Yael Ben-Arie-Weintrob Dror Ben Ephraim Noyman |
| author_sort | Joanne Makhoul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To report a case of unusual presentation of retinochoroiditis caused by Rickettsia typhi in a patient without prior uveitis. Case presentation In this case, we describe a 24-year-old male soldier with no previous eye disease, who was referred to our ophthalmology department due to bilateral retinochoroiditis and vitritis. The patient initially presented with a paracentral scotoma in his right eye persisting for 7 days and scattered dark spots in his left eye for 2 days in June 2023. Preceding these ocular symptoms, he experienced a two-week episode of fever, headaches, night sweats, and rapid weight loss of 10 kg. A transient rash covered his body briefly. His mother had a history of recurrent eye inflammation. Physical examination revealed bilateral keratic precipitates on the lower corneal periphery, 1 + anterior vitreous cells, small retinal lesions and mild optic discs elevation. Fluorescein angiography indicated mild discs hyperfluorescence, and the clinically visible round punctate lesions on OCT showed inner retinal hyper-reflective lesion with a depth till outer plexiform layer possibly suggestive of a retinitis lesion. Laboratory tests were normal except thrombocytosis, elevated ESR, liver enzymes and ACE levels, with positive Rickettsia typhi serology tests. Rheumatology and infectious disease consultations ruled out autoimmune diseases, confirming Rickettsia typhi infection. Treatment included systemic doxycycline and prednisone, with improvement of visual acuity, ocular symptoms, OCT abnormalities and resolution of inflammation. Prednisone was discontinued, and after two months, additional improvement was seen clinically, with preserved retinal structures on OCT. Conclusion This study explores retinochoroiditis as a rare ocular presentation of Rickettsia typhi, an unusual infection in the Middle East. Previously reported ocular manifestations include conjunctivitis, vitritis, post infectious optic neuropathy and a few cases of uveitis. Ocular symptoms followed systemic illness, highlighting the need for awareness among clinicians. Diagnosis relies on seroconversion, with fluorescein angiography and OCT aiding in assessment. Empiric doxycycline and systemic corticosteroid therapy is recommended. Ocular symptoms resolved in two months. Awareness of these ocular manifestations is essential for timely diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to fully understand this aspect of murine typhus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:06:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15e29c4859e54fef9d4c3f501a8e299d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:06:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-15e29c4859e54fef9d4c3f501a8e299d2024-03-10T12:08:36ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152024-03-012411610.1186/s12886-024-03329-5Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case reportJoanne Makhoul0Yael Ben-Arie-Weintrob1Dror Ben Ephraim Noyman2Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyOphthalmology Department, Rambam Health Care CampusOphthalmology Department, Rambam Health Care CampusAbstract Background To report a case of unusual presentation of retinochoroiditis caused by Rickettsia typhi in a patient without prior uveitis. Case presentation In this case, we describe a 24-year-old male soldier with no previous eye disease, who was referred to our ophthalmology department due to bilateral retinochoroiditis and vitritis. The patient initially presented with a paracentral scotoma in his right eye persisting for 7 days and scattered dark spots in his left eye for 2 days in June 2023. Preceding these ocular symptoms, he experienced a two-week episode of fever, headaches, night sweats, and rapid weight loss of 10 kg. A transient rash covered his body briefly. His mother had a history of recurrent eye inflammation. Physical examination revealed bilateral keratic precipitates on the lower corneal periphery, 1 + anterior vitreous cells, small retinal lesions and mild optic discs elevation. Fluorescein angiography indicated mild discs hyperfluorescence, and the clinically visible round punctate lesions on OCT showed inner retinal hyper-reflective lesion with a depth till outer plexiform layer possibly suggestive of a retinitis lesion. Laboratory tests were normal except thrombocytosis, elevated ESR, liver enzymes and ACE levels, with positive Rickettsia typhi serology tests. Rheumatology and infectious disease consultations ruled out autoimmune diseases, confirming Rickettsia typhi infection. Treatment included systemic doxycycline and prednisone, with improvement of visual acuity, ocular symptoms, OCT abnormalities and resolution of inflammation. Prednisone was discontinued, and after two months, additional improvement was seen clinically, with preserved retinal structures on OCT. Conclusion This study explores retinochoroiditis as a rare ocular presentation of Rickettsia typhi, an unusual infection in the Middle East. Previously reported ocular manifestations include conjunctivitis, vitritis, post infectious optic neuropathy and a few cases of uveitis. Ocular symptoms followed systemic illness, highlighting the need for awareness among clinicians. Diagnosis relies on seroconversion, with fluorescein angiography and OCT aiding in assessment. Empiric doxycycline and systemic corticosteroid therapy is recommended. Ocular symptoms resolved in two months. Awareness of these ocular manifestations is essential for timely diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to fully understand this aspect of murine typhus.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03329-5RetinochoroiditisPosterior uveitisRickettsia typhiMurine typhus |
| spellingShingle | Joanne Makhoul Yael Ben-Arie-Weintrob Dror Ben Ephraim Noyman Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report BMC Ophthalmology Retinochoroiditis Posterior uveitis Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus |
| title | Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report |
| title_full | Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report |
| title_fullStr | Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report |
| title_short | Retinochoroiditis secondary to Rickettsia typhi infection: a case report |
| title_sort | retinochoroiditis secondary to rickettsia typhi infection a case report |
| topic | Retinochoroiditis Posterior uveitis Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03329-5 |
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