Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos
Spider embryonic development depends on several factors, including temperature. Under optimum thermal conditions embryogenesis proceeds undisturbed and embryo mortality is low. On the other hand, dramatic shifts in incubation temperature may cause a range of developmental defects in embryos. It has...
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/11457.pdf |
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| author | Teresa Napiórkowska Julita Templin Paweł Napiórkowski |
| author_facet | Teresa Napiórkowska Julita Templin Paweł Napiórkowski |
| author_sort | Teresa Napiórkowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spider embryonic development depends on several factors, including temperature. Under optimum thermal conditions embryogenesis proceeds undisturbed and embryo mortality is low. On the other hand, dramatic shifts in incubation temperature may cause a range of developmental defects in embryos. It has been confirmed in numerous laboratory experiments that abrupt temperature changes can be a powerful teratogenic factor. Changes in the external structure are frequently reflected in the internal anatomy, and above all, in the central nervous system. In the present teratological study, by exposing spider embryos to the temperatures of 14 °C and 32 °C, changed every 12 hours for the first 10 days of their development, we obtained 74 postembryos of Eratigena atrica with body deformities such as oligomely, heterosymely, schistomely, bicephaly, complex anomalies and others. We selected six spiders to describe and analyze their morphological changes. In one case, that of a spider affected by polymely (the presence of a supernumerary appendage) combined with heterosymely (the fusion of walking legs), we also focused on the structure of the central nervous system. The analysis indicated that this complex anomaly was accompanied by only one change in the central nervous system: the presence of a supernumerary neuropil. Since no fusion of walking leg neuropils was observed, it was concluded that, in this instance, there was no relationship between the fusion of legs and the structure of the central nervous system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:06:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15e2e41bfdc7447883996b467137b0f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:06:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-15e2e41bfdc7447883996b467137b0f22023-12-03T09:28:35ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-05-019e1145710.7717/peerj.11457Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryosTeresa Napiórkowska0Julita Templin1Paweł Napiórkowski2Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Toruń, PolandFaculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Toruń, PolandFaculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Hydrobiology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, PolandSpider embryonic development depends on several factors, including temperature. Under optimum thermal conditions embryogenesis proceeds undisturbed and embryo mortality is low. On the other hand, dramatic shifts in incubation temperature may cause a range of developmental defects in embryos. It has been confirmed in numerous laboratory experiments that abrupt temperature changes can be a powerful teratogenic factor. Changes in the external structure are frequently reflected in the internal anatomy, and above all, in the central nervous system. In the present teratological study, by exposing spider embryos to the temperatures of 14 °C and 32 °C, changed every 12 hours for the first 10 days of their development, we obtained 74 postembryos of Eratigena atrica with body deformities such as oligomely, heterosymely, schistomely, bicephaly, complex anomalies and others. We selected six spiders to describe and analyze their morphological changes. In one case, that of a spider affected by polymely (the presence of a supernumerary appendage) combined with heterosymely (the fusion of walking legs), we also focused on the structure of the central nervous system. The analysis indicated that this complex anomaly was accompanied by only one change in the central nervous system: the presence of a supernumerary neuropil. Since no fusion of walking leg neuropils was observed, it was concluded that, in this instance, there was no relationship between the fusion of legs and the structure of the central nervous system.https://peerj.com/articles/11457.pdfEratigena atricaSpiderDeformitiesIncubation temperatureTeratology |
| spellingShingle | Teresa Napiórkowska Julita Templin Paweł Napiórkowski Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos PeerJ Eratigena atrica Spider Deformities Incubation temperature Teratology |
| title | Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| title_full | Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| title_fullStr | Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| title_short | Teratological changes in postembryos of Eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| title_sort | teratological changes in postembryos of eratigena atrica obtained by the application of alternating temperatures on spider embryos |
| topic | Eratigena atrica Spider Deformities Incubation temperature Teratology |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/11457.pdf |
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