Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Evidences regarding the associations between maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. This study was specifically designed to examine the associations by a case-control study and a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1206-0 |
| _version_ | 1819072640865796096 |
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| author | Y. Q. Xia K. N. Zhao A. D. Zhao J. Z. Zhu H. F. Hong Y. L. Wang S. H. Li |
| author_facet | Y. Q. Xia K. N. Zhao A. D. Zhao J. Z. Zhu H. F. Hong Y. L. Wang S. H. Li |
| author_sort | Y. Q. Xia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Evidences regarding the associations between maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. This study was specifically designed to examine the associations by a case-control study and a meta-analysis of the published evidences and our finding. Methods A hospital-based case-control study involving 262 children with simple CHD and 262 children with complex CHD, along with 262 control children, was conducted through June, 2016 to December, 2017. All children were aged 0–2 years old. Furthermore, a meta-analysis based on both previously published studies and our case-control study was performed. Results In the case-control study, after adjusting for possible confounders, maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of CHD (OR = 3.40 and 95% CI: 2.05–5.62 for simple CHD; OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.47–3.88 for complex CHD). After a meta-analysis, the adverse impact was still kept significant (OR = 1.47 and 95% CI: 1.28–1.67 for simple CHD; OR = 1.44 and 95% CI: 1.14–1.75 for complex CHD). The very similar associations were also observed among single type of CHD, herein, ventricular septal defects (VSD) and tetralogy of fallot (TOF) in the case-control study. In the subsequent meta-analysis, however, the significant association only existed in VSD. Conclusions Although there is still conflicting in TOF, the results are overall consistent, which provide new enforced evidence that maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy, in general, play an important role in the occurrence of CHD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:40:57Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2261 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:40:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-15f26a87d8b1472e8305c805c6fdadf82022-12-21T18:55:37ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612019-12-0119111310.1186/s12872-019-1206-0Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysisY. Q. Xia0K. N. Zhao1A. D. Zhao2J. Z. Zhu3H. F. Hong4Y. L. Wang5S. H. Li6School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicinePrenatal Diagnosis Department, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAbstract Background Evidences regarding the associations between maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) is still controversial. This study was specifically designed to examine the associations by a case-control study and a meta-analysis of the published evidences and our finding. Methods A hospital-based case-control study involving 262 children with simple CHD and 262 children with complex CHD, along with 262 control children, was conducted through June, 2016 to December, 2017. All children were aged 0–2 years old. Furthermore, a meta-analysis based on both previously published studies and our case-control study was performed. Results In the case-control study, after adjusting for possible confounders, maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy was found to be related to an increased risk of CHD (OR = 3.40 and 95% CI: 2.05–5.62 for simple CHD; OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.47–3.88 for complex CHD). After a meta-analysis, the adverse impact was still kept significant (OR = 1.47 and 95% CI: 1.28–1.67 for simple CHD; OR = 1.44 and 95% CI: 1.14–1.75 for complex CHD). The very similar associations were also observed among single type of CHD, herein, ventricular septal defects (VSD) and tetralogy of fallot (TOF) in the case-control study. In the subsequent meta-analysis, however, the significant association only existed in VSD. Conclusions Although there is still conflicting in TOF, the results are overall consistent, which provide new enforced evidence that maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy, in general, play an important role in the occurrence of CHD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1206-0Early pregnancyUpper respiratory tract infectionInfluenzaCongenital heart disease |
| spellingShingle | Y. Q. Xia K. N. Zhao A. D. Zhao J. Z. Zhu H. F. Hong Y. L. Wang S. H. Li Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Early pregnancy Upper respiratory tract infection Influenza Congenital heart disease |
| title | Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection/influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring: evidence from a case-control study and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | associations of maternal upper respiratory tract infection influenza during early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring evidence from a case control study and meta analysis |
| topic | Early pregnancy Upper respiratory tract infection Influenza Congenital heart disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1206-0 |
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