The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circul...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550/full |
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| author | Jinsong Zeng Tingting Bao Kailin Yang Xiaofei Zhu Shanshan Wang Wang Xiang Anqi Ge Liuting Zeng Jinwen Ge Jinwen Ge |
| author_facet | Jinsong Zeng Tingting Bao Kailin Yang Xiaofei Zhu Shanshan Wang Wang Xiang Anqi Ge Liuting Zeng Jinwen Ge Jinwen Ge |
| author_sort | Jinsong Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:05:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15f45a63f3ce4319ad6777d9ff6bc7ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:05:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-15f45a63f3ce4319ad6777d9ff6bc7ff2023-02-02T13:13:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-02-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10475501047550The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A reviewJinsong Zeng0Tingting Bao1Kailin Yang2Xiaofei Zhu3Shanshan Wang4Wang Xiang5Anqi Ge6Liuting Zeng7Jinwen Ge8Jinwen Ge9The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaInstitute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFudan University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde, Hunan, ChinaThe First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaHunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaIschemic stroke (IS) is one of the most fatal diseases. Neuroimmunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress play important roles in various complex mechanisms of IS. In particular, the early proinflammatory response resulting from the overactivation of resident microglia and the infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophages in the brain after cerebral ischemia leads to secondary brain injury. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that constantly monitor the brain microenvironment under normal conditions. Once ischemia occurs, microglia are activated to produce dual effects of neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, and the balance of the two effects determines the fate of damaged neurons. The activation of microglia is defined as the classical activation (M1 type) or alternative activation (M2 type). M1 type microglia secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators to exacerbate neuronal damage, while M2 type microglia promote a repairing anti-inflammatory response. Fine regulation of M1/M2 microglial activation to minimize damage and maximize protection has important therapeutic value. This review focuses on the interaction between M1/M2 microglia and other immune cells involved in the regulation of IS phenotypic characteristics, and the mechanism of natural plant components regulating microglia after IS, providing novel candidate drugs for regulating microglial balance and IS drug development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550/fullischemic strokemicroglia/macrophagesneuroimmune inflammationnatural botanical componentsbotanicals |
| spellingShingle | Jinsong Zeng Tingting Bao Kailin Yang Xiaofei Zhu Shanshan Wang Wang Xiang Anqi Ge Liuting Zeng Jinwen Ge Jinwen Ge The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review Frontiers in Immunology ischemic stroke microglia/macrophages neuroimmune inflammation natural botanical components botanicals |
| title | The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review |
| title_full | The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review |
| title_fullStr | The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review |
| title_short | The mechanism of microglia-mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia: A review |
| title_sort | mechanism of microglia mediated immune inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical components in regulating microglia a review |
| topic | ischemic stroke microglia/macrophages neuroimmune inflammation natural botanical components botanicals |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047550/full |
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