Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors
Abstract Camels are the most adapted species to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands of Ethiopia where pastoralism is the dominant mode of life and mobility is an inherent strategy to efficiently utilize the spatially and temporally distributed pasture and water resources. Usually, larg...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
|
| Series: | Pastoralism |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13570-018-0135-3 |
| _version_ | 1797287814712262656 |
|---|---|
| author | Tadele Mirkena Elias Walelign Nega Tewolde Getachew Gari Getachew Abebe Scott Newman |
| author_facet | Tadele Mirkena Elias Walelign Nega Tewolde Getachew Gari Getachew Abebe Scott Newman |
| author_sort | Tadele Mirkena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Camels are the most adapted species to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands of Ethiopia where pastoralism is the dominant mode of life and mobility is an inherent strategy to efficiently utilize the spatially and temporally distributed pasture and water resources. Usually, large numbers of camels and other domestic animals from many different herds/flocks congregate at watering sites, and this may create a perfect condition for disease transmission and spread among animals. The same water sources are also shared by multitudes of wild animals. Camel herd sizes per household range from few heads (five to ten) to several hundreds. Female camels account for more than 75% of the herd. Male camels are usually sold early as pack animals or for slaughter. Female camels may remain fertile up to 25 years, during which time they produce eight to ten calves. Camels are herded during daytime on communal rangelands. During night, they are kept in traditional kraals around homesteads. Breeding time is short and seasonal and is affected by rainfall patterns and feed availability. Usually, only men milk camels. Milking frequency ranges from two to five times per day. Washing of hands, milking vessels, the udder and teats is not practised by many prior to milking the camels. Besides, the milking area is generally full of dust and dung and without shade. This affects the quality and safety of the produced milk. Pathogens and diseases of camelids are less well known; however, they are suspected as zoonotic sources for the human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. There is an increasing need to determine whether camels are clinically susceptible, act as potential reservoirs and maintenance or bridge hosts, to viral pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:40:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15f9f754e80b44a087038c00cdc07a72 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-7136 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T18:40:03Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pastoralism |
| spelling | doaj.art-15f9f754e80b44a087038c00cdc07a722024-03-02T03:57:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Pastoralism2041-71362018-12-018111710.1186/s13570-018-0135-3Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factorsTadele Mirkena0Elias Walelign1Nega Tewolde2Getachew Gari3Getachew Abebe4Scott Newman5Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsEmergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRegional Office for Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsAbstract Camels are the most adapted species to the harsh conditions of arid/semi-arid rangelands of Ethiopia where pastoralism is the dominant mode of life and mobility is an inherent strategy to efficiently utilize the spatially and temporally distributed pasture and water resources. Usually, large numbers of camels and other domestic animals from many different herds/flocks congregate at watering sites, and this may create a perfect condition for disease transmission and spread among animals. The same water sources are also shared by multitudes of wild animals. Camel herd sizes per household range from few heads (five to ten) to several hundreds. Female camels account for more than 75% of the herd. Male camels are usually sold early as pack animals or for slaughter. Female camels may remain fertile up to 25 years, during which time they produce eight to ten calves. Camels are herded during daytime on communal rangelands. During night, they are kept in traditional kraals around homesteads. Breeding time is short and seasonal and is affected by rainfall patterns and feed availability. Usually, only men milk camels. Milking frequency ranges from two to five times per day. Washing of hands, milking vessels, the udder and teats is not practised by many prior to milking the camels. Besides, the milking area is generally full of dust and dung and without shade. This affects the quality and safety of the produced milk. Pathogens and diseases of camelids are less well known; however, they are suspected as zoonotic sources for the human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. There is an increasing need to determine whether camels are clinically susceptible, act as potential reservoirs and maintenance or bridge hosts, to viral pathogens.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13570-018-0135-3EthiopiaDromedary camelProduction systemPastoralismMERS-CoV |
| spellingShingle | Tadele Mirkena Elias Walelign Nega Tewolde Getachew Gari Getachew Abebe Scott Newman Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors Pastoralism Ethiopia Dromedary camel Production system Pastoralism MERS-CoV |
| title | Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors |
| title_full | Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors |
| title_fullStr | Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors |
| title_short | Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS-CoV risk factors |
| title_sort | camel production systems in ethiopia a review of literature with notes on mers cov risk factors |
| topic | Ethiopia Dromedary camel Production system Pastoralism MERS-CoV |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13570-018-0135-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tadelemirkena camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors AT eliaswalelign camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors AT negatewolde camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors AT getachewgari camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors AT getachewabebe camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors AT scottnewman camelproductionsystemsinethiopiaareviewofliteraturewithnotesonmerscovriskfactors |