Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/10/2361 |
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| author | Katarzyna Czerwaty Katarzyna Piszczatowska Jacek Brzost Nils Ludwig Mirosław J. Szczepański Karolina Dżaman |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Czerwaty Katarzyna Piszczatowska Jacek Brzost Nils Ludwig Mirosław J. Szczepański Karolina Dżaman |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Czerwaty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:22:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15fa16911a374a6fb8a256b97b0fe94e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:22:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-15fa16911a374a6fb8a256b97b0fe94e2023-11-23T23:43:55ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-09-011210236110.3390/diagnostics12102361Immunological Aspects of Chronic RhinosinusitisKatarzyna Czerwaty0Katarzyna Piszczatowska1Jacek Brzost2Nils Ludwig3Mirosław J. Szczepański4Karolina Dżaman5Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, PolandThe Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/10/2361chronic rhinosinusitisimmunologyinflammationsinusitisnasal polypsinflammatory endotype |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Czerwaty Katarzyna Piszczatowska Jacek Brzost Nils Ludwig Mirosław J. Szczepański Karolina Dżaman Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Diagnostics chronic rhinosinusitis immunology inflammation sinusitis nasal polyps inflammatory endotype |
| title | Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| title_full | Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| title_fullStr | Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| title_short | Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis |
| title_sort | immunological aspects of chronic rhinosinusitis |
| topic | chronic rhinosinusitis immunology inflammation sinusitis nasal polyps inflammatory endotype |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/10/2361 |
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