Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations
Linear regression is widely used in applied sciences and, in particular, in satellite optical oceanography, to relate dependent to independent variables. It is often adopted to establish empirical algorithms based on a finite set of measurements, which are later applied to observations on a larger s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3032 |
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| author | Marco Bellacicco Vincenzo Vellucci Michele Scardi Marie Barbieux Salvatore Marullo Fabrizio D’Ortenzio |
| author_facet | Marco Bellacicco Vincenzo Vellucci Michele Scardi Marie Barbieux Salvatore Marullo Fabrizio D’Ortenzio |
| author_sort | Marco Bellacicco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Linear regression is widely used in applied sciences and, in particular, in satellite optical oceanography, to relate dependent to independent variables. It is often adopted to establish empirical algorithms based on a finite set of measurements, which are later applied to observations on a larger scale from platforms such as autonomous profiling floats equipped with optical instruments (e.g., Biogeochemical Argo floats; BGC-Argo floats) and satellite ocean colour sensors (e.g., SeaWiFS, VIIRS, OLCI). However, different methods can be applied to a given pair of variables to determine the coefficients of the linear equation fitting the data, which are therefore not unique. In this work, we quantify the impact of the choice of “regression method” (i.e., either type-I or type-II) to derive bio-optical relationships, both from theoretical perspectives and by using specific examples. We have applied usual regression methods to an in situ data set of particulate organic carbon (POC), total chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (TChla), optical particulate backscattering coefficient (b<sub>bp</sub>), and 19 years of monthly TChla and b<sub>bp</sub> ocean colour data. Results of the regression analysis have been used to calculate phytoplankton carbon biomass (C<sub>phyto</sub>) and POC from: i) BGC-Argo float observations; ii) oceanographic cruises, and iii) satellite data. These applications enable highlighting the differences in C<sub>phyto</sub> and POC estimates relative to the choice of the method. An analysis of the statistical properties of the dataset and a detailed description of the hypothesis of the work drive the selection of the linear regression method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:32:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1604137cdeff4e8585ba5ddca8f09dbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T03:32:35Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-1604137cdeff4e8585ba5ddca8f09dbb2022-12-22T02:14:54ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-07-011913303210.3390/s19133032s19133032Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon EstimationsMarco Bellacicco0Vincenzo Vellucci1Michele Scardi2Marie Barbieux3Salvatore Marullo4Fabrizio D’Ortenzio5Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, FranceSorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, IMEV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, FranceDepartment of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, ItalySorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, FranceItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00044 Frascati, ItalySorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, FranceLinear regression is widely used in applied sciences and, in particular, in satellite optical oceanography, to relate dependent to independent variables. It is often adopted to establish empirical algorithms based on a finite set of measurements, which are later applied to observations on a larger scale from platforms such as autonomous profiling floats equipped with optical instruments (e.g., Biogeochemical Argo floats; BGC-Argo floats) and satellite ocean colour sensors (e.g., SeaWiFS, VIIRS, OLCI). However, different methods can be applied to a given pair of variables to determine the coefficients of the linear equation fitting the data, which are therefore not unique. In this work, we quantify the impact of the choice of “regression method” (i.e., either type-I or type-II) to derive bio-optical relationships, both from theoretical perspectives and by using specific examples. We have applied usual regression methods to an in situ data set of particulate organic carbon (POC), total chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (TChla), optical particulate backscattering coefficient (b<sub>bp</sub>), and 19 years of monthly TChla and b<sub>bp</sub> ocean colour data. Results of the regression analysis have been used to calculate phytoplankton carbon biomass (C<sub>phyto</sub>) and POC from: i) BGC-Argo float observations; ii) oceanographic cruises, and iii) satellite data. These applications enable highlighting the differences in C<sub>phyto</sub> and POC estimates relative to the choice of the method. An analysis of the statistical properties of the dataset and a detailed description of the hypothesis of the work drive the selection of the linear regression method.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3032linear regression methodsbio-optical propertiesBGC-Argosatellite oceanography |
| spellingShingle | Marco Bellacicco Vincenzo Vellucci Michele Scardi Marie Barbieux Salvatore Marullo Fabrizio D’Ortenzio Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations Sensors linear regression methods bio-optical properties BGC-Argo satellite oceanography |
| title | Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations |
| title_full | Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations |
| title_short | Quantifying the Impact of Linear Regression Model in Deriving Bio-Optical Relationships: The Implications on Ocean Carbon Estimations |
| title_sort | quantifying the impact of linear regression model in deriving bio optical relationships the implications on ocean carbon estimations |
| topic | linear regression methods bio-optical properties BGC-Argo satellite oceanography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/13/3032 |
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