Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population
Abstract Background Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02577-z |
| _version_ | 1819116323826827264 |
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| author | Amélie Mugnier Sylvie Chastant-Maillard Hanna Mila Faouzi Lyazrhi Florine Guiraud Achraf Adib-Lesaux Virginie Gaillard Claude Saegerman Aurélien Grellet |
| author_facet | Amélie Mugnier Sylvie Chastant-Maillard Hanna Mila Faouzi Lyazrhi Florine Guiraud Achraf Adib-Lesaux Virginie Gaillard Claude Saegerman Aurélien Grellet |
| author_sort | Amélie Mugnier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk. Results Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life. Conclusion These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:15:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16125ea2a5094ea3b714eb13156b36a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:15:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-16125ea2a5094ea3b714eb13156b36a32022-12-21T18:37:52ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482020-09-011611910.1186/s12917-020-02577-zLow and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale populationAmélie Mugnier0Sylvie Chastant-Maillard1Hanna Mila2Faouzi Lyazrhi3Florine Guiraud4Achraf Adib-Lesaux5Virginie Gaillard6Claude Saegerman7Aurélien Grellet8NeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVTNeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVTNeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVTBiostatistiques, Université de Toulouse, ENVTNeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVTRoyal CaninRoyal CaninUREAR-ULiège, FARAH Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de LiègeNeoCare, Université de Toulouse, ENVTAbstract Background Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk. Results Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life. Conclusion These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02577-zCaninePuppyEpidemiologyRisk factorNeonatal mortalityLitter size |
| spellingShingle | Amélie Mugnier Sylvie Chastant-Maillard Hanna Mila Faouzi Lyazrhi Florine Guiraud Achraf Adib-Lesaux Virginie Gaillard Claude Saegerman Aurélien Grellet Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population BMC Veterinary Research Canine Puppy Epidemiology Risk factor Neonatal mortality Litter size |
| title | Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population |
| title_full | Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population |
| title_fullStr | Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population |
| title_short | Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population |
| title_sort | low and very low birth weight in puppies definitions risk factors and survival in a large scale population |
| topic | Canine Puppy Epidemiology Risk factor Neonatal mortality Litter size |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02577-z |
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