Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are genetically complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) resulting from genetic factors and gene-environment (GxE) interactions for which onset occurs in early brain development. Recent progress highlights the l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/518 |
| _version_ | 1797481811245268992 |
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| author | Loïc Angrand Jean-Daniel Masson Alberto Rubio-Casillas Marika Nosten-Bertrand Guillemette Crépeaux |
| author_facet | Loïc Angrand Jean-Daniel Masson Alberto Rubio-Casillas Marika Nosten-Bertrand Guillemette Crépeaux |
| author_sort | Loïc Angrand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are genetically complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) resulting from genetic factors and gene-environment (GxE) interactions for which onset occurs in early brain development. Recent progress highlights the link between ASD and (i) immunogenetics, neurodevelopment, and inflammation, and (ii) impairments of autophagy, a crucial neurodevelopmental process involved in synaptic pruning. Among various environmental factors causing risk for ASD, aluminum (Al)-containing vaccines injected during critical periods have received special attention and triggered relevant scientific questions. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge on the role of early inflammation, immune and autophagy dysfunction in ASD as well as preclinical studies which question Al adjuvant impacts on brain and immune maturation. We highlight the most recent breakthroughs and the lack of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data constituting a “scientific gap”. We propose additional research, such as genetic studies that could contribute to identify populations at genetic risk, improving diagnosis, and potentially the development of new therapeutic tools. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16128635e1ef471398e82f450b910a4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-16128635e1ef471398e82f450b910a4c2023-11-23T19:15:30ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-08-0110951810.3390/toxics10090518Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum AdjuvantsLoïc Angrand0Jean-Daniel Masson1Alberto Rubio-Casillas2Marika Nosten-Bertrand3Guillemette Crépeaux4Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, FranceUniv Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, FranceBiology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, MexicoINSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, FranceUniv Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, FranceAutism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are genetically complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) resulting from genetic factors and gene-environment (GxE) interactions for which onset occurs in early brain development. Recent progress highlights the link between ASD and (i) immunogenetics, neurodevelopment, and inflammation, and (ii) impairments of autophagy, a crucial neurodevelopmental process involved in synaptic pruning. Among various environmental factors causing risk for ASD, aluminum (Al)-containing vaccines injected during critical periods have received special attention and triggered relevant scientific questions. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge on the role of early inflammation, immune and autophagy dysfunction in ASD as well as preclinical studies which question Al adjuvant impacts on brain and immune maturation. We highlight the most recent breakthroughs and the lack of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data constituting a “scientific gap”. We propose additional research, such as genetic studies that could contribute to identify populations at genetic risk, improving diagnosis, and potentially the development of new therapeutic tools.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/518neurodevelopmental disordersautism spectrum disorderenvironmentimmune systemautophagyearly exposure |
| spellingShingle | Loïc Angrand Jean-Daniel Masson Alberto Rubio-Casillas Marika Nosten-Bertrand Guillemette Crépeaux Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants Toxics neurodevelopmental disorders autism spectrum disorder environment immune system autophagy early exposure |
| title | Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants |
| title_full | Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants |
| title_fullStr | Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants |
| title_short | Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants |
| title_sort | inflammation and autophagy a convergent point between autism spectrum disorder asd related genetic and environmental factors focus on aluminum adjuvants |
| topic | neurodevelopmental disorders autism spectrum disorder environment immune system autophagy early exposure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/9/518 |
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