Subtalar Joint Instability and Calcaneal Spurs Associated with the Configuration of the Articular Facets of Adult Human Calcaneum in Indian Population
Introduction: Morphological variations of articular facets of calcaneum may predispose people to joint instability, ligamentous laxity and development of arthritic changes in the subtalar joint. Knowledge of such variations is essential for treatment and diagnostic procedures in orthopaedic surg...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2016-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/8444/20216_CE(RA1)_F(T)_PF1(ROAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Morphological variations of articular facets of
calcaneum may predispose people to joint instability, ligamentous
laxity and development of arthritic changes in the subtalar joint.
Knowledge of such variations is essential for treatment and
diagnostic procedures in orthopaedic surgeries.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine patterns of articular
facets of calcanei and to establish its correlation with calcaneal
spurs.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 580 adult
calcanei of Indian origin at Maulana Azad Medical College and
pattern of articular facets were observed and classified according
to five patterns described in literature. A digital vernier calliper
was used to measure separation between anterior and middle
facet. Degree of intersecting angle between anterior and medial
facets was calculated using UTHSCSA Image Tool software.
The calcaneal spurs were observed by visual inspection.
Results: Out of 580 calcanei, 66.55% had fused anterior and
middle facets (Pattern I), 27.59% had all three facets separate
(Pattern II), 5.52% had absence of anterior facet (Pattern III),
0.17% had all three facets fused (Pattern IV) and 0.17% had
fused middle and posterior facets (Pattern V). A significant side
variation was present in Pattern III with predominance on left
side. Mean angle of intersection was 147.700
in Pattern I and
133.340
in Pattern II calcaneum. Calcaneal spurs were found in
61.38% out of which it was associated with Pattern I in 43.62%,
Pattern II in 14.66% and Pattern III in 2.76%.
Conclusion: Individuals with Pattern I and III calcaneum were
found to be at a greater risk of subtalar joint instability than
individuals with Pattern II. Angle of intersection was obtuse in
Pattern I which resulted in ligament laxity and unstable joint.
Pattern I was more common in Indian population and this fact
necessitates modifications of the western surgical techniques to
suit the Indian scenario. An association between the presence
of spur and facet configuration was found to be significant. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |