Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds
The present study investigated the influence of pore size of strut-based Diamond and surface-based Gyroid structures for their suitability as medical implants. Samples were made additively from laser powder bed fusion process with a relative density of 0.3 and pore sizes ranging from 300 to 1300 μm....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402402036X |
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| author | Saran Seehanam Suppakrit Khrueaduangkham Chomdao Sinthuvanich Udom Sae-Ueng Viritpon Srimaneepong Patcharapit Promoppatum |
| author_facet | Saran Seehanam Suppakrit Khrueaduangkham Chomdao Sinthuvanich Udom Sae-Ueng Viritpon Srimaneepong Patcharapit Promoppatum |
| author_sort | Saran Seehanam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the influence of pore size of strut-based Diamond and surface-based Gyroid structures for their suitability as medical implants. Samples were made additively from laser powder bed fusion process with a relative density of 0.3 and pore sizes ranging from 300 to 1300 μm. They were subsequently examined for their manufacturability and mechanical properties. In addition, non-Newtonian computational fluid dynamics and discrete phase models were conducted to assess pressure drop and cell seeding efficiency. The results showed that both Diamond and Gyroid had higher as-built densities with smaller pore sizes. However, Gyroid demonstrated better manufacturability as its relative density was closer to the as-designed one. In addition, based on mechanical testing, the elastic modulus was largely unaffected by pore size, but post-yielding behaviors differed, especially in Diamond. High mechanical sensitivity in Diamond could be explained partly by Finite Element simulations, which revealed stress localization in Diamond and more uniform stress distribution in Gyroid. Furthermore, we defined the product of the normalized specific surface, normalized pressure drop, and cell seeding efficiency as the indicator of an optimal pore size, in which this factor identified an optimal pore size of approximately 500 μm for both Diamond and Gyroid. Besides, based on such criterion, Gyroid exhibited greater applicability as bone scaffolds. In summary, this study provides comprehensive assessment of the effect of pore size and demonstrates the efficient estimation of an in-silico framework for evaluating lattice structures as medical implants, which could be applied to other lattice architectures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:00:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1619619e74cb4483b3ccb656e2d66bbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:21:01Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-1619619e74cb4483b3ccb656e2d66bbd2024-03-09T09:26:50ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-02-01104e26005Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffoldsSaran Seehanam0Suppakrit Khrueaduangkham1Chomdao Sinthuvanich2Udom Sae-Ueng3Viritpon Srimaneepong4Patcharapit Promoppatum5Center for Lightweight Materials, Design, and Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, ThailandCenter for Lightweight Materials, Design, and Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, ThailandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, ThailandNational Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, ThailandDepartment of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Corresponding author. Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.Center for Lightweight Materials, Design, and Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; OsseoLabs Co. Ltd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Corresponding author. Center for Lightweight Materials, Design, and Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.The present study investigated the influence of pore size of strut-based Diamond and surface-based Gyroid structures for their suitability as medical implants. Samples were made additively from laser powder bed fusion process with a relative density of 0.3 and pore sizes ranging from 300 to 1300 μm. They were subsequently examined for their manufacturability and mechanical properties. In addition, non-Newtonian computational fluid dynamics and discrete phase models were conducted to assess pressure drop and cell seeding efficiency. The results showed that both Diamond and Gyroid had higher as-built densities with smaller pore sizes. However, Gyroid demonstrated better manufacturability as its relative density was closer to the as-designed one. In addition, based on mechanical testing, the elastic modulus was largely unaffected by pore size, but post-yielding behaviors differed, especially in Diamond. High mechanical sensitivity in Diamond could be explained partly by Finite Element simulations, which revealed stress localization in Diamond and more uniform stress distribution in Gyroid. Furthermore, we defined the product of the normalized specific surface, normalized pressure drop, and cell seeding efficiency as the indicator of an optimal pore size, in which this factor identified an optimal pore size of approximately 500 μm for both Diamond and Gyroid. Besides, based on such criterion, Gyroid exhibited greater applicability as bone scaffolds. In summary, this study provides comprehensive assessment of the effect of pore size and demonstrates the efficient estimation of an in-silico framework for evaluating lattice structures as medical implants, which could be applied to other lattice architectures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402402036XLaser powder bed fusion processTriply periodic minimal surfaceStrut-based lattice structureBone scaffoldsMedical implants |
| spellingShingle | Saran Seehanam Suppakrit Khrueaduangkham Chomdao Sinthuvanich Udom Sae-Ueng Viritpon Srimaneepong Patcharapit Promoppatum Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds Heliyon Laser powder bed fusion process Triply periodic minimal surface Strut-based lattice structure Bone scaffolds Medical implants |
| title | Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds |
| title_full | Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds |
| title_short | Evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d-printed bone scaffolds |
| title_sort | evaluating the effect of pore size for 3d printed bone scaffolds |
| topic | Laser powder bed fusion process Triply periodic minimal surface Strut-based lattice structure Bone scaffolds Medical implants |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402402036X |
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