Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts
The white mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sako...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4395 |
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| author | Sureeporn Suriyaprom Pitchayuth Srisai Varachaya Intachaisri Thida Kaewkod Jeeraporn Pekkoh Mickaël Desvaux Yingmanee Tragoolpua |
| author_facet | Sureeporn Suriyaprom Pitchayuth Srisai Varachaya Intachaisri Thida Kaewkod Jeeraporn Pekkoh Mickaël Desvaux Yingmanee Tragoolpua |
| author_sort | Sureeporn Suriyaprom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The white mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon cultivar showed the highest total phenolic content of 49.68 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activities of 4.38 mg GAE/g extract, 4.53 mg TEAC/g extract, and 92.78 mg FeSO<sub>4</sub>/g extract using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The resveratrol and oxyresveratrol compounds in mulberry leaves were also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mulberry leaf extracts from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars showed oxyresveratrol contents of 1.20 ± 0.04 mg/g extract and 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, respectively, whereas resveratrol was not detected. It was also found that the potent anti-inflammatory properties of mulberry leaf extracts and its compounds, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These compounds further inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, it is established that mulberry leaf extract and its bioactive compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:01:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:01:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-161d56f2cb44486e83244cd69269cb7c2023-11-18T08:16:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-05-012811439510.3390/molecules28114395Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf ExtractsSureeporn Suriyaprom0Pitchayuth Srisai1Varachaya Intachaisri2Thida Kaewkod3Jeeraporn Pekkoh4Mickaël Desvaux5Yingmanee Tragoolpua6Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandGraduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandINRAE, UCA, UMR0454 MEDIS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandThe white mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon cultivar showed the highest total phenolic content of 49.68 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activities of 4.38 mg GAE/g extract, 4.53 mg TEAC/g extract, and 92.78 mg FeSO<sub>4</sub>/g extract using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The resveratrol and oxyresveratrol compounds in mulberry leaves were also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mulberry leaf extracts from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars showed oxyresveratrol contents of 1.20 ± 0.04 mg/g extract and 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, respectively, whereas resveratrol was not detected. It was also found that the potent anti-inflammatory properties of mulberry leaf extracts and its compounds, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These compounds further inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, it is established that mulberry leaf extract and its bioactive compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4395antioxidationanti-inflammationoxyresveratrolresveratrolwhite mulberry |
| spellingShingle | Sureeporn Suriyaprom Pitchayuth Srisai Varachaya Intachaisri Thida Kaewkod Jeeraporn Pekkoh Mickaël Desvaux Yingmanee Tragoolpua Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts Molecules antioxidation anti-inflammation oxyresveratrol resveratrol white mulberry |
| title | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells of White Mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) Leaf Extracts |
| title_sort | antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity on lps stimulated raw 264 7 macrophage cells of white mulberry i morus alba i l leaf extracts |
| topic | antioxidation anti-inflammation oxyresveratrol resveratrol white mulberry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/11/4395 |
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