Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid
The electrolytic refining of crude tin is generally carried out in the fluorosilicic acid (H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>) system with the assistance of bone glue and β-naphthol. However, the high saturated vapor pressure and low stability of H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/1/87 |
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| author | Yuantao Yang Junli Wang Xuanbing Wang Jinlong Wei Xiaoning Tong Ruidong Xu Linjing Yang |
| author_facet | Yuantao Yang Junli Wang Xuanbing Wang Jinlong Wei Xiaoning Tong Ruidong Xu Linjing Yang |
| author_sort | Yuantao Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The electrolytic refining of crude tin is generally carried out in the fluorosilicic acid (H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>) system with the assistance of bone glue and β-naphthol. However, the high saturated vapor pressure and low stability of H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> present environmental concerns and do not align with sustainable development goals. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of tin on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was studied in a relatively green and environmentally friendly methanesulfonic acid (MSA) system. Bone glue, sodium lignosulfonate, and β-naphthol were used as additives to make the deposit morphology smooth and to ensure grain refinement. The electrochemical reduction process of Sn<sup>2+</sup> in an MSA system is a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion. The apparent activation energy <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 14.189 kJ/mol for the ion diffusion of Sn<sup>2+</sup> was further calculated. The results of chronoamperometry showed that the electrocrystallization of Sn<sup>2+</sup> on the GC electrode gradually tended to three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation with the increase in applied potential. The morphology and phase of the deposits were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the deposits were uniform and dense pure tin. This work elucidates the electrochemical behavior of tin in a methanesulfonic acid system. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:40:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1628cd554e7d4ff3b260da7f79c1dbe42024-01-26T17:41:24ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-01-011418710.3390/met14010087Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic AcidYuantao Yang0Junli Wang1Xuanbing Wang2Jinlong Wei3Xiaoning Tong4Ruidong Xu5Linjing Yang6State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaResearcher Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, ChinaThe electrolytic refining of crude tin is generally carried out in the fluorosilicic acid (H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>) system with the assistance of bone glue and β-naphthol. However, the high saturated vapor pressure and low stability of H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> present environmental concerns and do not align with sustainable development goals. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of tin on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was studied in a relatively green and environmentally friendly methanesulfonic acid (MSA) system. Bone glue, sodium lignosulfonate, and β-naphthol were used as additives to make the deposit morphology smooth and to ensure grain refinement. The electrochemical reduction process of Sn<sup>2+</sup> in an MSA system is a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion. The apparent activation energy <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 14.189 kJ/mol for the ion diffusion of Sn<sup>2+</sup> was further calculated. The results of chronoamperometry showed that the electrocrystallization of Sn<sup>2+</sup> on the GC electrode gradually tended to three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation with the increase in applied potential. The morphology and phase of the deposits were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the deposits were uniform and dense pure tin. This work elucidates the electrochemical behavior of tin in a methanesulfonic acid system.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/1/87methanesulfonic acidtin depositionadditiveselectrochemical behavior |
| spellingShingle | Yuantao Yang Junli Wang Xuanbing Wang Jinlong Wei Xiaoning Tong Ruidong Xu Linjing Yang Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid Metals methanesulfonic acid tin deposition additives electrochemical behavior |
| title | Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid |
| title_full | Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid |
| title_short | Electrochemistry of Tin Deposition from Methanesulfonic Acid |
| title_sort | electrochemistry of tin deposition from methanesulfonic acid |
| topic | methanesulfonic acid tin deposition additives electrochemical behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/1/87 |
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