Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia
Previously, it was shown that both blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats were increased upon CO<sub>2</sub> treatment for 4 weeks. In the present study, we have compared the effects of 6 weeks CO<sub>2</sub> therapy in diabetic rats with or wi...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/12/3250 |
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| author | Vijayan Elimban Yan-Jun Xu Sukhwinder K. Bhullar Naranjan S. Dhalla |
| author_facet | Vijayan Elimban Yan-Jun Xu Sukhwinder K. Bhullar Naranjan S. Dhalla |
| author_sort | Vijayan Elimban |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previously, it was shown that both blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats were increased upon CO<sub>2</sub> treatment for 4 weeks. In the present study, we have compared the effects of 6 weeks CO<sub>2</sub> therapy in diabetic rats with or without peripheral ischemia. Diabetes was induced in rats by a tail vein injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), whereas peripheral ischemia was produced by occluding the femoral artery at 2 weeks of inducing diabetes. Both diabetic and diabetic-ischemic animals were treated with or without CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath at 37 °C for 6 weeks (30 min/day; 5 days/week) starting at 2 weeks, after the induction of ischemia. CO<sub>2</sub> treatment did not affect heart rate and R-R interval as well as plasma levels of creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins. Unlike the levels of plasma Ox-LDL, MDA and TNF-α, the levels of NO in diabetic group were increased by CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath treatment. On the other hand, the levels of plasma Ox-LDL and MDA were decreased whereas that of NO was increased without any changes in TNF-α level in diabetic-ischemic animals upon CO<sub>2</sub> therapy. Treatment of diabetic animals with CO<sub>2</sub> increased peak, mean and minimal blood flow by 20, 49 and 43% whereas these values were increased by 53, 26 and 80% in the diabetic-ischemic group by CO<sub>2</sub> therapy, respectively. Blood vessel count in diabetic and diabetic-ischemic skeletal muscles was increased by 73 and 136% by CO<sub>2</sub> therapy, respectively. These data indicate that peripheral ischemia augmented the increase in blood flow and development of angiogenesis in diabetic skeletal muscle upon CO<sub>2</sub> therapy. It is suggested that greater beneficial effects of CO<sub>2</sub> therapy in diabetic-ischemic animals in comparison to diabetic group may be a consequence of difference of changes in the redox-sensitive signal transduction mechanisms. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:58:22Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-162c53fd375540c999f0fd6b2933c8bf2023-12-22T13:55:05ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-12-011112325010.3390/biomedicines11123250Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without IschemiaVijayan Elimban0Yan-Jun Xu1Sukhwinder K. Bhullar2Naranjan S. Dhalla3Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, CanadaInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, CanadaInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, CanadaInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, CanadaPreviously, it was shown that both blood flow and angiogenesis in the ischemic hind limb of diabetic rats were increased upon CO<sub>2</sub> treatment for 4 weeks. In the present study, we have compared the effects of 6 weeks CO<sub>2</sub> therapy in diabetic rats with or without peripheral ischemia. Diabetes was induced in rats by a tail vein injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight), whereas peripheral ischemia was produced by occluding the femoral artery at 2 weeks of inducing diabetes. Both diabetic and diabetic-ischemic animals were treated with or without CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath at 37 °C for 6 weeks (30 min/day; 5 days/week) starting at 2 weeks, after the induction of ischemia. CO<sub>2</sub> treatment did not affect heart rate and R-R interval as well as plasma levels of creatine kinase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoproteins. Unlike the levels of plasma Ox-LDL, MDA and TNF-α, the levels of NO in diabetic group were increased by CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath treatment. On the other hand, the levels of plasma Ox-LDL and MDA were decreased whereas that of NO was increased without any changes in TNF-α level in diabetic-ischemic animals upon CO<sub>2</sub> therapy. Treatment of diabetic animals with CO<sub>2</sub> increased peak, mean and minimal blood flow by 20, 49 and 43% whereas these values were increased by 53, 26 and 80% in the diabetic-ischemic group by CO<sub>2</sub> therapy, respectively. Blood vessel count in diabetic and diabetic-ischemic skeletal muscles was increased by 73 and 136% by CO<sub>2</sub> therapy, respectively. These data indicate that peripheral ischemia augmented the increase in blood flow and development of angiogenesis in diabetic skeletal muscle upon CO<sub>2</sub> therapy. It is suggested that greater beneficial effects of CO<sub>2</sub> therapy in diabetic-ischemic animals in comparison to diabetic group may be a consequence of difference of changes in the redox-sensitive signal transduction mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/12/3250diabetic complicationsperipheral artery diseaseCO<sub>2</sub> water-bath therapyskeletal muscle angiogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Vijayan Elimban Yan-Jun Xu Sukhwinder K. Bhullar Naranjan S. Dhalla Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia Biomedicines diabetic complications peripheral artery disease CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath therapy skeletal muscle angiogenesis |
| title | Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia |
| title_full | Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia |
| title_fullStr | Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia |
| title_short | Modification of Peripheral Blood Flow and Angiogenesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Water-Bath Therapy in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle with or without Ischemia |
| title_sort | modification of peripheral blood flow and angiogenesis by co sub 2 sub water bath therapy in diabetic skeletal muscle with or without ischemia |
| topic | diabetic complications peripheral artery disease CO<sub>2</sub> water-bath therapy skeletal muscle angiogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/12/3250 |
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