Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte
We present a facile low-cost method to produce nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-HGE) and its application to supercapacitors. A composite of N-HGE and activated carbon (AC) was used as the electrode active material in organic-electrolyte supercapacitors, and the performances were evaluated. Melamine...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1640 |
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| author | Yu-Ren Huang Nen-Wen Pu Guan-Min Wu Yih-Ming Liu Ming-Hsien Lin Yi-Le Kwong Siou-Cheng Li Jeng-Kuei Chang Ming-Der Ger |
| author_facet | Yu-Ren Huang Nen-Wen Pu Guan-Min Wu Yih-Ming Liu Ming-Hsien Lin Yi-Le Kwong Siou-Cheng Li Jeng-Kuei Chang Ming-Der Ger |
| author_sort | Yu-Ren Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a facile low-cost method to produce nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-HGE) and its application to supercapacitors. A composite of N-HGE and activated carbon (AC) was used as the electrode active material in organic-electrolyte supercapacitors, and the performances were evaluated. Melamine was mixed into graphite oxide (GO) as the N source, and an ultra-rapid heating method was used to create numerous holes during the reduction process of GO. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the successful doping with 2.9–4.5 at.% of nitrogen on all samples. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra revealed that a higher heating rate resulted in more holes and defects on the reduced graphene sheets. An extra annealing step at 1000 °C for 1 h was carried out to further eliminate residual oxygen functional groups, which are undesirable in the organic electrolyte system. Compared to the low-heating-rate counterpart (N-GE-15), N-HGE boosted the specific capacity of the supercapacitor by 42 and 22% at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. The effects of annealing time (0.5, 1, and 2 h) at 1000 °C were also studied. Longer annealing time resulted in higher capacitance values at all current densities due to the minimized oxygen content. Volumetric specific capacitances of 49 and 24 F/cm<sup>3</sup> were achieved at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. For the high-power-density operation at 31,000 W/kg (or 10,000 W/L), an energy density as high as 11 Wh/kg (or 3.5 Wh/L) was achieved. The results indicated that N-HGE not only improved the conductivity of the composite supercapacitors but also accelerated ion transport by way of shortened diffusion paths through the numerous holes all over the graphene sheets. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:26:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-162c9860b1b742b89d46c1ab7acf772b2023-11-18T02:42:37ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-05-011310164010.3390/nano13101640Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic ElectrolyteYu-Ren Huang0Nen-Wen Pu1Guan-Min Wu2Yih-Ming Liu3Ming-Hsien Lin4Yi-Le Kwong5Siou-Cheng Li6Jeng-Kuei Chang7Ming-Der Ger8Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Zuoying, Kaohsiung 813, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 320, TaiwanDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Dasi, Taoyuan 335, TaiwanWe present a facile low-cost method to produce nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-HGE) and its application to supercapacitors. A composite of N-HGE and activated carbon (AC) was used as the electrode active material in organic-electrolyte supercapacitors, and the performances were evaluated. Melamine was mixed into graphite oxide (GO) as the N source, and an ultra-rapid heating method was used to create numerous holes during the reduction process of GO. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the successful doping with 2.9–4.5 at.% of nitrogen on all samples. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectra revealed that a higher heating rate resulted in more holes and defects on the reduced graphene sheets. An extra annealing step at 1000 °C for 1 h was carried out to further eliminate residual oxygen functional groups, which are undesirable in the organic electrolyte system. Compared to the low-heating-rate counterpart (N-GE-15), N-HGE boosted the specific capacity of the supercapacitor by 42 and 22% at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. The effects of annealing time (0.5, 1, and 2 h) at 1000 °C were also studied. Longer annealing time resulted in higher capacitance values at all current densities due to the minimized oxygen content. Volumetric specific capacitances of 49 and 24 F/cm<sup>3</sup> were achieved at current densities of 0.5 and 20 A/g, respectively. For the high-power-density operation at 31,000 W/kg (or 10,000 W/L), an energy density as high as 11 Wh/kg (or 3.5 Wh/L) was achieved. The results indicated that N-HGE not only improved the conductivity of the composite supercapacitors but also accelerated ion transport by way of shortened diffusion paths through the numerous holes all over the graphene sheets.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1640holey grapheneactivated carbonN-dopingorganic electrolytesupercapacitor |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Ren Huang Nen-Wen Pu Guan-Min Wu Yih-Ming Liu Ming-Hsien Lin Yi-Le Kwong Siou-Cheng Li Jeng-Kuei Chang Ming-Der Ger Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte Nanomaterials holey graphene activated carbon N-doping organic electrolyte supercapacitor |
| title | Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte |
| title_full | Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte |
| title_short | Study on the Application of Nitrogen-Doped Holey Graphene in Supercapacitors with Organic Electrolyte |
| title_sort | study on the application of nitrogen doped holey graphene in supercapacitors with organic electrolyte |
| topic | holey graphene activated carbon N-doping organic electrolyte supercapacitor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/10/1640 |
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