Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis
Abstract Background Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, as it causes great economic losses to producers due to the reduction of milk production and changes in the quality of the product. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., these microorganism...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03364-8 |
| _version_ | 1818474430602412032 |
|---|---|
| author | Elka Machado Ferreira Letícia Castilho Romero Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Wilson Malagó Junior Carlos Henrique Camargo Waldomiro Barioni Júnior Luiz Francisco Zafalon |
| author_facet | Elka Machado Ferreira Letícia Castilho Romero Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Wilson Malagó Junior Carlos Henrique Camargo Waldomiro Barioni Júnior Luiz Francisco Zafalon |
| author_sort | Elka Machado Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, as it causes great economic losses to producers due to the reduction of milk production and changes in the quality of the product. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., these microorganisms can express various virulence factors, such as biofilms for example. In herds with organic management, producers and technicians use unconventional ways to treat and control the disease, such as homeopathy. However, it is not known if this type of treatment is able to control pathogenic bacteria such as those of the genus Staphylococcus, of relevance to animal and human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the production of biofilm in vitro and its genes by Staphylococcus spp. isolated in the milk of cows treated with homeopathy, as well as the persistence of microorganisms in animals. Methods Ninety-nine isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from cows treated and not treated with homeopathy were identified by internal transcribed space-polymerase chain reaction and investigated for the presence of the icaABCD, bap, aap, atlE, and bhp genes and in vitro biofilm production using the adhesion method on polystyrene plates. The enzyme restriction profile was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Clusters of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with three or more isolates had an isolate selected for Multilocus Sequence Typing. Results The frequency of S. aureus isolations was similar in treated and untreated cows, while 71.4% of the coagulase-negative identified were isolated in cows treated with homeopathy. The distribution of the operon ica genes was similar in animals with and without treatment, except for the icaD gene, more frequent in treated cows. Production of biofilm was associated with presence of one or more genes from the icaADBC operon. S. aureus revealed a greater diversity and greater dissemination in cows treated and not treated with homeopathy. Sequence Types ST1, ST5, and ST126 were identified in S. aureus. Conclusions The presence of biofilm-associated genes and the in vitro production of biofilms, combined with the persistence of clonal profiles of Staphylococcus spp. demonstrate other forms of control for bovine mastitis should be researched for organic production herds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:36:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1634aed1931a426189bb86daa7d5a3c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:36:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-1634aed1931a426189bb86daa7d5a3c62022-12-22T02:11:49ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482022-07-0118111310.1186/s12917-022-03364-8Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitisElka Machado Ferreira0Letícia Castilho Romero1Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha2Wilson Malagó Junior3Carlos Henrique Camargo4Waldomiro Barioni Júnior5Luiz Francisco Zafalon6Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - FCAVDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - IBDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - IBEmbrapa Southeast Livestock, Canchim FarmBacteriology Center, Adolfo Lutz InstituteEmbrapa Southeast Livestock, Canchim FarmEmbrapa Southeast Livestock, Canchim FarmAbstract Background Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, as it causes great economic losses to producers due to the reduction of milk production and changes in the quality of the product. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., these microorganisms can express various virulence factors, such as biofilms for example. In herds with organic management, producers and technicians use unconventional ways to treat and control the disease, such as homeopathy. However, it is not known if this type of treatment is able to control pathogenic bacteria such as those of the genus Staphylococcus, of relevance to animal and human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the production of biofilm in vitro and its genes by Staphylococcus spp. isolated in the milk of cows treated with homeopathy, as well as the persistence of microorganisms in animals. Methods Ninety-nine isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from cows treated and not treated with homeopathy were identified by internal transcribed space-polymerase chain reaction and investigated for the presence of the icaABCD, bap, aap, atlE, and bhp genes and in vitro biofilm production using the adhesion method on polystyrene plates. The enzyme restriction profile was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Clusters of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with three or more isolates had an isolate selected for Multilocus Sequence Typing. Results The frequency of S. aureus isolations was similar in treated and untreated cows, while 71.4% of the coagulase-negative identified were isolated in cows treated with homeopathy. The distribution of the operon ica genes was similar in animals with and without treatment, except for the icaD gene, more frequent in treated cows. Production of biofilm was associated with presence of one or more genes from the icaADBC operon. S. aureus revealed a greater diversity and greater dissemination in cows treated and not treated with homeopathy. Sequence Types ST1, ST5, and ST126 were identified in S. aureus. Conclusions The presence of biofilm-associated genes and the in vitro production of biofilms, combined with the persistence of clonal profiles of Staphylococcus spp. demonstrate other forms of control for bovine mastitis should be researched for organic production herds.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03364-8BiofilmicaADBCClonal profile |
| spellingShingle | Elka Machado Ferreira Letícia Castilho Romero Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha Wilson Malagó Junior Carlos Henrique Camargo Waldomiro Barioni Júnior Luiz Francisco Zafalon Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis BMC Veterinary Research Biofilm icaADBC Clonal profile |
| title | Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| title_full | Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| title_fullStr | Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| title_short | Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| title_sort | persistence of staphylococcus spp in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis |
| topic | Biofilm icaADBC Clonal profile |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03364-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elkamachadoferreira persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT leticiacastilhoromero persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT mariadelourdesribeirodesouzadacunha persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT wilsonmalagojunior persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT carloshenriquecamargo persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT waldomirobarionijunior persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis AT luizfranciscozafalon persistenceofstaphylococcussppinmilkfromcowsundergoinghomeopathytocontrolsubclinicalmastitis |