Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?
To evaluate whether oral fluids (OF) and urine can serve as alternative, non-invasive samples to diagnose chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection via RT-qPCR, we employed the same RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocols on paired serum, OF and urine samples collected from 51 patients with chikungunya durin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/2/235 |
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| author | Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento Moyra M. Portilho Rosângela O. Anjos Patrícia S. S. Moreira Christine Stauber Scott C. Weaver Uriel Kitron Mitermayer G. Reis Guilherme S. Ribeiro |
| author_facet | Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento Moyra M. Portilho Rosângela O. Anjos Patrícia S. S. Moreira Christine Stauber Scott C. Weaver Uriel Kitron Mitermayer G. Reis Guilherme S. Ribeiro |
| author_sort | Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To evaluate whether oral fluids (OF) and urine can serve as alternative, non-invasive samples to diagnose chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection via RT-qPCR, we employed the same RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocols on paired serum, OF and urine samples collected from 51 patients with chikungunya during the acute phase of the illness. Chikungunya patients were confirmed through RT-qPCR in acute-phase sera (N = 19), IgM seroconversion between acute- and convalescent-phase sera (N = 12), or IgM detection in acute-phase sera (N = 20). The controls included paired serum, OF and urine samples from patients with non-arbovirus acute febrile illness (N = 28) and RT-PCR-confirmed dengue (N = 16). Nine (47%) of the patients with positive RT-qPCR for CHIKV in sera and two (17%) of those with CHIKV infection confirmed solely via IgM seroconversion had OF positive for CHIKV in RT-qPCR. One (5%) patient with CHIKV infection confirmed via serum RT-qPCR was positive in the RT-qPCR performed on urine. None of the negative control group samples were positive. Although OF may serve as an alternative sample for diagnosing acute chikungunya in specific settings, a negative result cannot rule out an infection. Further research is needed to investigate whether OF and urine collected later in the disease course when serum becomes RT-qPCR-negative may be helpful in CHIKV diagnosis and surveillance, as well as to determine whether urine and OF pose any risk of CHIKV transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:10:45Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:10:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-163d4d918964402b94e4cf304cf660d72024-02-23T15:37:34ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-02-0116223510.3390/v16020235Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento0Moyra M. Portilho1Rosângela O. Anjos2Patrícia S. S. Moreira3Christine Stauber4Scott C. Weaver5Uriel Kitron6Mitermayer G. Reis7Guilherme S. Ribeiro8Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilSchool of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Microbiology & Immunology and World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, BrazilTo evaluate whether oral fluids (OF) and urine can serve as alternative, non-invasive samples to diagnose chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection via RT-qPCR, we employed the same RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocols on paired serum, OF and urine samples collected from 51 patients with chikungunya during the acute phase of the illness. Chikungunya patients were confirmed through RT-qPCR in acute-phase sera (N = 19), IgM seroconversion between acute- and convalescent-phase sera (N = 12), or IgM detection in acute-phase sera (N = 20). The controls included paired serum, OF and urine samples from patients with non-arbovirus acute febrile illness (N = 28) and RT-PCR-confirmed dengue (N = 16). Nine (47%) of the patients with positive RT-qPCR for CHIKV in sera and two (17%) of those with CHIKV infection confirmed solely via IgM seroconversion had OF positive for CHIKV in RT-qPCR. One (5%) patient with CHIKV infection confirmed via serum RT-qPCR was positive in the RT-qPCR performed on urine. None of the negative control group samples were positive. Although OF may serve as an alternative sample for diagnosing acute chikungunya in specific settings, a negative result cannot rule out an infection. Further research is needed to investigate whether OF and urine collected later in the disease course when serum becomes RT-qPCR-negative may be helpful in CHIKV diagnosis and surveillance, as well as to determine whether urine and OF pose any risk of CHIKV transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/2/235chikungunyaRT-qPCRmolecular diagnosisurineoral fluid |
| spellingShingle | Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento Moyra M. Portilho Rosângela O. Anjos Patrícia S. S. Moreira Christine Stauber Scott C. Weaver Uriel Kitron Mitermayer G. Reis Guilherme S. Ribeiro Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? Viruses chikungunya RT-qPCR molecular diagnosis urine oral fluid |
| title | Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? |
| title_full | Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? |
| title_short | Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis? |
| title_sort | detection of chikungunya virus rna in oral fluid and urine an alternative approach to diagnosis |
| topic | chikungunya RT-qPCR molecular diagnosis urine oral fluid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/2/235 |
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