Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae)
Visual and olfactory floral signals play key roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, studies investigating the evolution of either of these signals have increased considerably. However, there are large gaps in our understanding of whether or not these two cue modalities evolve in...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1356 |
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| author | Paulo Milet-Pinheiro Pablo Sandro Carvalho Santos Samuel Prieto-Benítez Manfred Ayasse Stefan Dötterl |
| author_facet | Paulo Milet-Pinheiro Pablo Sandro Carvalho Santos Samuel Prieto-Benítez Manfred Ayasse Stefan Dötterl |
| author_sort | Paulo Milet-Pinheiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Visual and olfactory floral signals play key roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, studies investigating the evolution of either of these signals have increased considerably. However, there are large gaps in our understanding of whether or not these two cue modalities evolve in a concerted manner. Here, we characterized the visual (i.e., color) and olfactory (scent) floral cues in bee-pollinated <i>Campanula</i> species by spectrophotometric and chemical methods, respectively, with the aim of tracing their evolutionary paths. We found a species-specific pattern in color reflectance and scent chemistry. Multivariate phylogenetic statistics revealed no influence of phylogeny on floral color and scent bouquet. However, univariate phylogenetic statistics revealed a phylogenetic signal in some of the constituents of the scent bouquet. Our results suggest unequal evolutionary pathways of visual and olfactory floral cues in the genus <i>Campanula</i>. While the lack of phylogenetic signal on both color and scent bouquet points to external agents (e.g., pollinators, herbivores) as evolutionary drivers, the presence of phylogenetic signal in at least some floral scent constituents point to an influence of phylogeny on trait evolution. We discuss why external agents and phylogeny differently shape the evolutionary paths in floral color and scent of closely related angiosperms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:28:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:28:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-163e7b3b51b54dbdbbf1004db2cdde2e2023-11-22T04:42:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-07-01107135610.3390/plants10071356Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae)Paulo Milet-Pinheiro0Pablo Sandro Carvalho Santos1Samuel Prieto-Benítez2Manfred Ayasse3Stefan Dötterl4Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee, 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee, 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, AustriaVisual and olfactory floral signals play key roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, studies investigating the evolution of either of these signals have increased considerably. However, there are large gaps in our understanding of whether or not these two cue modalities evolve in a concerted manner. Here, we characterized the visual (i.e., color) and olfactory (scent) floral cues in bee-pollinated <i>Campanula</i> species by spectrophotometric and chemical methods, respectively, with the aim of tracing their evolutionary paths. We found a species-specific pattern in color reflectance and scent chemistry. Multivariate phylogenetic statistics revealed no influence of phylogeny on floral color and scent bouquet. However, univariate phylogenetic statistics revealed a phylogenetic signal in some of the constituents of the scent bouquet. Our results suggest unequal evolutionary pathways of visual and olfactory floral cues in the genus <i>Campanula</i>. While the lack of phylogenetic signal on both color and scent bouquet points to external agents (e.g., pollinators, herbivores) as evolutionary drivers, the presence of phylogenetic signal in at least some floral scent constituents point to an influence of phylogeny on trait evolution. We discuss why external agents and phylogeny differently shape the evolutionary paths in floral color and scent of closely related angiosperms.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1356bee olfactionbee vision<i>Campanula</i>floral trait evolutionfloral colorfloral scents |
| spellingShingle | Paulo Milet-Pinheiro Pablo Sandro Carvalho Santos Samuel Prieto-Benítez Manfred Ayasse Stefan Dötterl Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) Plants bee olfaction bee vision <i>Campanula</i> floral trait evolution floral color floral scents |
| title | Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) |
| title_full | Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) |
| title_short | Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus <i>Campanula</i> (Campanulaceae) |
| title_sort | differential evolutionary history in visual and olfactory floral cues of the bee pollinated genus i campanula i campanulaceae |
| topic | bee olfaction bee vision <i>Campanula</i> floral trait evolution floral color floral scents |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1356 |
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