Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer remains the most common malignant cancer in women, with a staggering incidence of two million cases annually worldwide; therefore, it is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. NIMA-related kinase (NEK) protein kinase contain...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1089 |
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| author | Gangga Anuraga Wei-Jan Wang Nam Nhut Phan Nu Thuy An Ton Hoang Dang Khoa Ta Fidelia Berenice Prayugo Do Thi Minh Xuan Su-Chi Ku Yung-Fu Wu Vivin Andriani Muhammad Athoillah Kuen-Haur Lee Chih-Yang Wang |
| author_facet | Gangga Anuraga Wei-Jan Wang Nam Nhut Phan Nu Thuy An Ton Hoang Dang Khoa Ta Fidelia Berenice Prayugo Do Thi Minh Xuan Su-Chi Ku Yung-Fu Wu Vivin Andriani Muhammad Athoillah Kuen-Haur Lee Chih-Yang Wang |
| author_sort | Gangga Anuraga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer remains the most common malignant cancer in women, with a staggering incidence of two million cases annually worldwide; therefore, it is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. NIMA-related kinase (NEK) protein kinase contains 11 family members named NEK1-NEK11, which were discovered from <i>Aspergillus Nidulans</i>; however, the role of NEK family genes for tumor development remains unclear and requires additional study. In the present study, we investigate the prognosis relationships of NEK family genes for breast cancer development, as well as the gene expression signature via the bioinformatics approach. The results of several integrative analyses revealed that most of the NEK family genes are overexpressed in breast cancer. Among these family genes, <i>NEK2/6/8</i> overexpression had poor prognostic significance in distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, <i>NEK2/6</i> had the highest level of DNA methylation, and the functional enrichment analysis from MetaCore and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that <i>NEK2</i> was associated with the cell cycle, G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, E2F, MYC, MTORC1, and interferon-related signaling. Moreover, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) results showed that the transcriptional levels of NEK2 were positively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells and CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell. Collectively, the current study indicated that <i>NEK</i> family genes, especially <i>NEK2</i> which is involved in immune infiltration, and may serve as prognosis biomarkers for breast cancer progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1640d087d2354af3ac2a849d445bda8e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-1640d087d2354af3ac2a849d445bda8e2023-11-22T23:57:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262021-10-011111108910.3390/jpm11111089Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast CancerGangga Anuraga0Wei-Jan Wang1Nam Nhut Phan2Nu Thuy An Ton3Hoang Dang Khoa Ta4Fidelia Berenice Prayugo5Do Thi Minh Xuan6Su-Chi Ku7Yung-Fu Wu8Vivin Andriani9Muhammad Athoillah10Kuen-Haur Lee11Chih-Yang Wang12PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, TaiwanResearch Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, TaiwanInstitute for Environmental Science, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamInstitute for Environmental Science, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, VietnamPhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, IndonesiaDepartment of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, IndonesiaPhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, TaiwanPhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, TaiwanBreast cancer remains the most common malignant cancer in women, with a staggering incidence of two million cases annually worldwide; therefore, it is crucial to explore novel biomarkers to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer patients. NIMA-related kinase (NEK) protein kinase contains 11 family members named NEK1-NEK11, which were discovered from <i>Aspergillus Nidulans</i>; however, the role of NEK family genes for tumor development remains unclear and requires additional study. In the present study, we investigate the prognosis relationships of NEK family genes for breast cancer development, as well as the gene expression signature via the bioinformatics approach. The results of several integrative analyses revealed that most of the NEK family genes are overexpressed in breast cancer. Among these family genes, <i>NEK2/6/8</i> overexpression had poor prognostic significance in distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, <i>NEK2/6</i> had the highest level of DNA methylation, and the functional enrichment analysis from MetaCore and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that <i>NEK2</i> was associated with the cell cycle, G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, E2F, MYC, MTORC1, and interferon-related signaling. Moreover, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) results showed that the transcriptional levels of NEK2 were positively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells and CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cell. Collectively, the current study indicated that <i>NEK</i> family genes, especially <i>NEK2</i> which is involved in immune infiltration, and may serve as prognosis biomarkers for breast cancer progression.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1089breast cancerbioinformaticsbiomarkerprognosis<i>NEK</i> family genesimmune microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Gangga Anuraga Wei-Jan Wang Nam Nhut Phan Nu Thuy An Ton Hoang Dang Khoa Ta Fidelia Berenice Prayugo Do Thi Minh Xuan Su-Chi Ku Yung-Fu Wu Vivin Andriani Muhammad Athoillah Kuen-Haur Lee Chih-Yang Wang Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer Journal of Personalized Medicine breast cancer bioinformatics biomarker prognosis <i>NEK</i> family genes immune microenvironment |
| title | Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of NIMA (Never in Mitosis, Gene A)-Related Kinase (NEK) Family Members in Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | potential prognostic biomarkers of nima never in mitosis gene a related kinase nek family members in breast cancer |
| topic | breast cancer bioinformatics biomarker prognosis <i>NEK</i> family genes immune microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1089 |
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