Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis
IntroductionPopulus (Salicaceae) species harbour rich biodiversity and are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. However, the origin and biogeography of Populus remain poorly understood.MethodsWe infer the divergence times and the historical biogeography of the genus Populus through...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1031087/full |
| _version_ | 1797979082543071232 |
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| author | Xia Liu Xia Liu Zhaoshan Wang Wei Wang Qinqin Huang Qinqin Huang Yanfei Zeng Yu Jin Honglei Li Shuhui Du Jianguo Zhang |
| author_facet | Xia Liu Xia Liu Zhaoshan Wang Wei Wang Qinqin Huang Qinqin Huang Yanfei Zeng Yu Jin Honglei Li Shuhui Du Jianguo Zhang |
| author_sort | Xia Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPopulus (Salicaceae) species harbour rich biodiversity and are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. However, the origin and biogeography of Populus remain poorly understood.MethodsWe infer the divergence times and the historical biogeography of the genus Populus through phylogenetic analysis of 34 chloroplast fragments based on a large sample.Results and DiscussionEurasia is the likely location of the early divergences of Salicaceae after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, followed by recurrent spread to the remainder of the Old World and the New World beginning in the Eocene; the extant Populus species began to diversity during the early Oligocene (approximately 27.24 Ma), climate changes during the Oligocene may have facilitated the diversification of modern poplar species; three separate lineages of Populus from Eurasia colonized North America in the Cenozoic via the Bering Land Bridges (BLB); We hypothesize that the present day disjunction in Populus can be explained by two scenarios: (i) Populus likely originated in Eurasia and subsequently colonized other regions, including North America; and (ii) the fact that the ancestor of the genus Populus that was once widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and eventually wiped out due to the higher extinction rates in North America, similar to the African Rand flora. We hypothesize that disparities in extinction across the evolutionary history of Populus in different regions shape the modern biogeography of Populus. Further studies with dense sampling and more evidence are required to test these hypotheses. Our research underscores the significance of combining phylogenetic analyses with biogeographic interpretations to enhance our knowledge of the origin, divergence, and distribution of biodiversity in temperate plant floras. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:33:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1640e21b13124bc6bc6896f83108f1d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:33:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1640e21b13124bc6bc6896f83108f1d52022-12-22T15:43:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-12-011310.3389/fpls.2022.10310871031087Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysisXia Liu0Xia Liu1Zhaoshan Wang2Wei Wang3Qinqin Huang4Qinqin Huang5Yanfei Zeng6Yu Jin7Honglei Li8Shuhui Du9Jianguo Zhang10College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaHenan Academy of Forestry/Quality Testing Center for Forestry Products of National and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaForestry College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionPopulus (Salicaceae) species harbour rich biodiversity and are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. However, the origin and biogeography of Populus remain poorly understood.MethodsWe infer the divergence times and the historical biogeography of the genus Populus through phylogenetic analysis of 34 chloroplast fragments based on a large sample.Results and DiscussionEurasia is the likely location of the early divergences of Salicaceae after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction, followed by recurrent spread to the remainder of the Old World and the New World beginning in the Eocene; the extant Populus species began to diversity during the early Oligocene (approximately 27.24 Ma), climate changes during the Oligocene may have facilitated the diversification of modern poplar species; three separate lineages of Populus from Eurasia colonized North America in the Cenozoic via the Bering Land Bridges (BLB); We hypothesize that the present day disjunction in Populus can be explained by two scenarios: (i) Populus likely originated in Eurasia and subsequently colonized other regions, including North America; and (ii) the fact that the ancestor of the genus Populus that was once widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and eventually wiped out due to the higher extinction rates in North America, similar to the African Rand flora. We hypothesize that disparities in extinction across the evolutionary history of Populus in different regions shape the modern biogeography of Populus. Further studies with dense sampling and more evidence are required to test these hypotheses. Our research underscores the significance of combining phylogenetic analyses with biogeographic interpretations to enhance our knowledge of the origin, divergence, and distribution of biodiversity in temperate plant floras.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1031087/fullbiogeographydivergence timemolecular phylogenyPopulusbering land bridge |
| spellingShingle | Xia Liu Xia Liu Zhaoshan Wang Wei Wang Qinqin Huang Qinqin Huang Yanfei Zeng Yu Jin Honglei Li Shuhui Du Jianguo Zhang Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis Frontiers in Plant Science biogeography divergence time molecular phylogeny Populus bering land bridge |
| title | Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| title_full | Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| title_fullStr | Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| title_short | Origin and evolutionary history of Populus (Salicaceae): Further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| title_sort | origin and evolutionary history of populus salicaceae further insights based on time divergence and biogeographic analysis |
| topic | biogeography divergence time molecular phylogeny Populus bering land bridge |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1031087/full |
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