<i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes
Skin inflammation may cause allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> (<i>E. hirta</i>) is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family and is well-known for its anti-asthma effects. <i>E. hirta</i> has traditionall...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/4/589 |
| _version_ | 1827619627016912896 |
|---|---|
| author | Tae-Young Gil Sung-Chul Kang Bo-Ram Jin Hyo-Jin An |
| author_facet | Tae-Young Gil Sung-Chul Kang Bo-Ram Jin Hyo-Jin An |
| author_sort | Tae-Young Gil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skin inflammation may cause allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> (<i>E. hirta</i>) is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family and is well-known for its anti-asthma effects. <i>E. hirta</i> has traditionally been used to treat respiratory ailments, dysentery, jaundice, and digestive problems. However, its effects on skin inflammation remain unclear. Here, we determined the effects of 70% ethanol extract of <i>E. hirta</i> leaves (ELE) in vitro using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, which constitute most epidermal skin cells. We determined the inhibitory effects of ELE on the inflammation caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ in keratinocytes using ELISA, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR assay. ELE was found to reduce the production and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α or interleukin-6 and the expression of various proteins, including signal transducers, activators of transcription 1/3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Expression levels of these proteins were found to be upregulated in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated condition and downregulated by ELE treatment. These results indicate that ELE protects HaCaT cells against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin inflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16523b11a846444db61806d29a4406a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-16523b11a846444db61806d29a4406a62023-12-01T21:10:17ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-04-0112458910.3390/life12040589<i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human KeratinocytesTae-Young Gil0Sung-Chul Kang1Bo-Ram Jin2Hyo-Jin An3Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Gangwon-do, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Gangwon-do, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Gangwon-do, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Gangwon-do, KoreaSkin inflammation may cause allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> (<i>E. hirta</i>) is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family and is well-known for its anti-asthma effects. <i>E. hirta</i> has traditionally been used to treat respiratory ailments, dysentery, jaundice, and digestive problems. However, its effects on skin inflammation remain unclear. Here, we determined the effects of 70% ethanol extract of <i>E. hirta</i> leaves (ELE) in vitro using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, which constitute most epidermal skin cells. We determined the inhibitory effects of ELE on the inflammation caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ in keratinocytes using ELISA, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR assay. ELE was found to reduce the production and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α or interleukin-6 and the expression of various proteins, including signal transducers, activators of transcription 1/3, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Expression levels of these proteins were found to be upregulated in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated condition and downregulated by ELE treatment. These results indicate that ELE protects HaCaT cells against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/4/589<i>Euphorbia hirta</i>keratinocytesJNKSTAT1/3inflammation |
| spellingShingle | Tae-Young Gil Sung-Chul Kang Bo-Ram Jin Hyo-Jin An <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes Life <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> keratinocytes JNK STAT1/3 inflammation |
| title | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_fullStr | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_short | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> Leaf Ethanol Extract Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammatory Response via Down-Regulating JNK or STAT1/3 Pathways in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_sort | i euphorbia hirta i leaf ethanol extract suppresses tnf α ifn γ induced inflammatory response via down regulating jnk or stat1 3 pathways in human keratinocytes |
| topic | <i>Euphorbia hirta</i> keratinocytes JNK STAT1/3 inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/4/589 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT taeyounggil ieuphorbiahirtaileafethanolextractsuppressestnfaifnginducedinflammatoryresponseviadownregulatingjnkorstat13pathwaysinhumankeratinocytes AT sungchulkang ieuphorbiahirtaileafethanolextractsuppressestnfaifnginducedinflammatoryresponseviadownregulatingjnkorstat13pathwaysinhumankeratinocytes AT boramjin ieuphorbiahirtaileafethanolextractsuppressestnfaifnginducedinflammatoryresponseviadownregulatingjnkorstat13pathwaysinhumankeratinocytes AT hyojinan ieuphorbiahirtaileafethanolextractsuppressestnfaifnginducedinflammatoryresponseviadownregulatingjnkorstat13pathwaysinhumankeratinocytes |