Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. In this paper, we examine the possible beneficial role of lemon juice in dieting. Lemon extract (LE) has been proposed to improve serum insulin levels and decrease angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in mouse mo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2348 |
| _version_ | 1797560021429518336 |
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| author | Shilpa Tejpal Alan M. Wemyss Claire C. Bastie Judith Klein-Seetharaman |
| author_facet | Shilpa Tejpal Alan M. Wemyss Claire C. Bastie Judith Klein-Seetharaman |
| author_sort | Shilpa Tejpal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. In this paper, we examine the possible beneficial role of lemon juice in dieting. Lemon extract (LE) has been proposed to improve serum insulin levels and decrease angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in mouse models. ACE is also a biomarker for sustained weight loss and ACE inhibitors improve insulin sensitivity in humans. Here, we show that LE impacts adipose tissue metabolism directly. In 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocyte cells, LE improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by a 3.74 ± 0.54-fold increase in both pAKT and GLUT4 levels. LE also induced lipolysis as demonstrated by a 16.6 ± 1.2 fold-change in pHSL protein expression levels. ACE gene expression increased 12.0 ± 0.1 fold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in the absence of LE, and treatment with LE decreased ACE gene expression by 80.1 ± 0.5% and protein expression by 55 ± 0.37%. We conclude that LE’s reduction of ACE expression causes increased insulin sensitivity and breakdown of lipids in adipocytes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:54:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16566496af3e474198d86e2669b49e01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-16566496af3e474198d86e2669b49e012023-11-20T09:14:14ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-08-01128234810.3390/nu12082348Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse AdipocytesShilpa Tejpal0Alan M. Wemyss1Claire C. Bastie2Judith Klein-Seetharaman3Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKObesity is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. In this paper, we examine the possible beneficial role of lemon juice in dieting. Lemon extract (LE) has been proposed to improve serum insulin levels and decrease angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in mouse models. ACE is also a biomarker for sustained weight loss and ACE inhibitors improve insulin sensitivity in humans. Here, we show that LE impacts adipose tissue metabolism directly. In 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocyte cells, LE improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by a 3.74 ± 0.54-fold increase in both pAKT and GLUT4 levels. LE also induced lipolysis as demonstrated by a 16.6 ± 1.2 fold-change in pHSL protein expression levels. ACE gene expression increased 12.0 ± 0.1 fold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in the absence of LE, and treatment with LE decreased ACE gene expression by 80.1 ± 0.5% and protein expression by 55 ± 0.37%. We conclude that LE’s reduction of ACE expression causes increased insulin sensitivity and breakdown of lipids in adipocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/23483T3-L1 adipocyteslipolysisangiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity |
| spellingShingle | Shilpa Tejpal Alan M. Wemyss Claire C. Bastie Judith Klein-Seetharaman Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes Nutrients 3T3-L1 adipocytes lipolysis angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity |
| title | Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes |
| title_full | Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes |
| title_fullStr | Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes |
| title_short | Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes |
| title_sort | lemon extract reduces angiotensin converting enzyme ace expression and activity and increases insulin sensitivity and lipolysis in mouse adipocytes |
| topic | 3T3-L1 adipocytes lipolysis angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2348 |
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