Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination
This study investigates the effect of using ultrasound on water flux through a forward osmosis membrane when applied for seawater desalination. A synthetically prepared solution simulating seawater with scaling substances and organic foulants was used. The parameters considered include membrane cros...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/13/2092 |
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| author | Bara A. K. Al-Sakaji Sameer Al-Asheh Munjed A. Maraqa |
| author_facet | Bara A. K. Al-Sakaji Sameer Al-Asheh Munjed A. Maraqa |
| author_sort | Bara A. K. Al-Sakaji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the effect of using ultrasound on water flux through a forward osmosis membrane when applied for seawater desalination. A synthetically prepared solution simulating seawater with scaling substances and organic foulants was used. The parameters considered include membrane cross-flow velocity, flow configuration (co-current versus counter-current), direction of ultrasound waves relative to the membrane side (active layer versus support layer), and type of draw solution (NaCl versus MgCl<sub>2</sub>). The study revealed that applying a continuous ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz was effective in enhancing water flux, especially when the ultrasound source faces the membrane active layer, irrespective of the used draw solution. The highest water flux enhancement (70.8% with NaCl draw solution and 61.9% with MgCl<sub>2</sub> draw solution) occurred at low cross-flow velocity and with the ultrasound waves facing the membrane active layer. It was also observed that the use of ultrasound generally caused an adverse effect on the water flux when the ultrasound source faces the membrane support layer. Moreover, applying the ultrasound at the membrane support layer increased the reverse solute flux. For all tested cases, higher water flux enhancement was observed with NaCl as a draw solution compared to the cases when MgCl<sub>2</sub> was used as a draw solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1658bf28d90544d8b0b773ed062ac8be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-1658bf28d90544d8b0b773ed062ac8be2023-12-01T21:46:29ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-06-011413209210.3390/w14132092Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater DesalinationBara A. K. Al-Sakaji0Sameer Al-Asheh1Munjed A. Maraqa2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 2666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesThis study investigates the effect of using ultrasound on water flux through a forward osmosis membrane when applied for seawater desalination. A synthetically prepared solution simulating seawater with scaling substances and organic foulants was used. The parameters considered include membrane cross-flow velocity, flow configuration (co-current versus counter-current), direction of ultrasound waves relative to the membrane side (active layer versus support layer), and type of draw solution (NaCl versus MgCl<sub>2</sub>). The study revealed that applying a continuous ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz was effective in enhancing water flux, especially when the ultrasound source faces the membrane active layer, irrespective of the used draw solution. The highest water flux enhancement (70.8% with NaCl draw solution and 61.9% with MgCl<sub>2</sub> draw solution) occurred at low cross-flow velocity and with the ultrasound waves facing the membrane active layer. It was also observed that the use of ultrasound generally caused an adverse effect on the water flux when the ultrasound source faces the membrane support layer. Moreover, applying the ultrasound at the membrane support layer increased the reverse solute flux. For all tested cases, higher water flux enhancement was observed with NaCl as a draw solution compared to the cases when MgCl<sub>2</sub> was used as a draw solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/13/2092forward osmosisultrasoundwater fluxconcentration polarizationscalingseawater |
| spellingShingle | Bara A. K. Al-Sakaji Sameer Al-Asheh Munjed A. Maraqa Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination Water forward osmosis ultrasound water flux concentration polarization scaling seawater |
| title | Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination |
| title_full | Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination |
| title_short | Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination |
| title_sort | effects of operating conditions on the performance of forward osmosis with ultrasound for seawater desalination |
| topic | forward osmosis ultrasound water flux concentration polarization scaling seawater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/13/2092 |
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