Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications

Advances in technology have led to the production of sustainable antioxidants and natural monomers for food packaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Of particular importance is the synthesis of lignin polymers, and graft polymers, dopamine, and polydopamine, inulin, quercetin, limonene, an...

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Main Authors: Chrysanthos Maraveas, Ilker S. Bayer, Thomas Bartzanas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:Polymers
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2465
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author Chrysanthos Maraveas
Ilker S. Bayer
Thomas Bartzanas
author_facet Chrysanthos Maraveas
Ilker S. Bayer
Thomas Bartzanas
author_sort Chrysanthos Maraveas
collection DOAJ
description Advances in technology have led to the production of sustainable antioxidants and natural monomers for food packaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Of particular importance is the synthesis of lignin polymers, and graft polymers, dopamine, and polydopamine, inulin, quercetin, limonene, and vitamins, due to their free radical scavenging ability, chemical potency, ideal functional groups for polymerization, abundance in the natural environment, ease of production, and activation of biological mechanisms such as the inhibition of the cellular activation of various signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK. The radical oxygen species are responsible for oxidative damage and increased susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular, degenerative musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes; such biological mechanisms are inhibited by both synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants. The orientation of macromolecules in the presence of the plasticizing agent increases the suitability of quercetin in food packaging, while the commercial viability of terpenes in the replacement of existing non-renewable polymers is reinforced by the recyclability of the precursors (thyme, cannabis, and lemon, orange, mandarin) and marginal ecological effect and antioxidant properties. Emerging antioxidant nanoparticle polymers have a broad range of applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery, food fortification, biodegradation of synthetic polymers, and antimicrobial treatment and corrosion inhibition. The aim of the review is to present state-of-the-art polymers with intrinsic antioxidant properties, including synthesis scavenging activity, potential applications, and future directions. This review is distinct from other works given that it integrates different advances in antioxidant polymer synthesis and applications such as inulin, quercetin polymers, their conjugates, antioxidant-graft-polysaccharides, and polymerization vitamins and essential oils. One of the most comprehensive reviews of antioxidant polymers was published by Cirillo and Iemma in 2012. Since then, significant progress has been made in improving the synthesis, techniques, properties, and applications. The review builds upon existing research by presenting new findings that were excluded from previous reviews.
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spelling doaj.art-1668f9bf6a79401a970a07989bc1bc902023-11-22T06:03:21ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-07-011315246510.3390/polym13152465Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and ApplicationsChrysanthos Maraveas0Ilker S. Bayer1Thomas Bartzanas2Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceSmart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceAdvances in technology have led to the production of sustainable antioxidants and natural monomers for food packaging and targeted drug delivery applications. Of particular importance is the synthesis of lignin polymers, and graft polymers, dopamine, and polydopamine, inulin, quercetin, limonene, and vitamins, due to their free radical scavenging ability, chemical potency, ideal functional groups for polymerization, abundance in the natural environment, ease of production, and activation of biological mechanisms such as the inhibition of the cellular activation of various signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK. The radical oxygen species are responsible for oxidative damage and increased susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular, degenerative musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions and diabetes; such biological mechanisms are inhibited by both synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants. The orientation of macromolecules in the presence of the plasticizing agent increases the suitability of quercetin in food packaging, while the commercial viability of terpenes in the replacement of existing non-renewable polymers is reinforced by the recyclability of the precursors (thyme, cannabis, and lemon, orange, mandarin) and marginal ecological effect and antioxidant properties. Emerging antioxidant nanoparticle polymers have a broad range of applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery, food fortification, biodegradation of synthetic polymers, and antimicrobial treatment and corrosion inhibition. The aim of the review is to present state-of-the-art polymers with intrinsic antioxidant properties, including synthesis scavenging activity, potential applications, and future directions. This review is distinct from other works given that it integrates different advances in antioxidant polymer synthesis and applications such as inulin, quercetin polymers, their conjugates, antioxidant-graft-polysaccharides, and polymerization vitamins and essential oils. One of the most comprehensive reviews of antioxidant polymers was published by Cirillo and Iemma in 2012. Since then, significant progress has been made in improving the synthesis, techniques, properties, and applications. The review builds upon existing research by presenting new findings that were excluded from previous reviews.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2465antioxidantantioxidant polymerslignin polymersgraft polymersdopaminepolydopamine
spellingShingle Chrysanthos Maraveas
Ilker S. Bayer
Thomas Bartzanas
Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
Polymers
antioxidant
antioxidant polymers
lignin polymers
graft polymers
dopamine
polydopamine
title Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
title_full Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
title_short Recent Advances in Antioxidant Polymers: From Sustainable and Natural Monomers to Synthesis and Applications
title_sort recent advances in antioxidant polymers from sustainable and natural monomers to synthesis and applications
topic antioxidant
antioxidant polymers
lignin polymers
graft polymers
dopamine
polydopamine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2465
work_keys_str_mv AT chrysanthosmaraveas recentadvancesinantioxidantpolymersfromsustainableandnaturalmonomerstosynthesisandapplications
AT ilkersbayer recentadvancesinantioxidantpolymersfromsustainableandnaturalmonomerstosynthesisandapplications
AT thomasbartzanas recentadvancesinantioxidantpolymersfromsustainableandnaturalmonomerstosynthesisandapplications