Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network
A heterogeneous vehicular network (HetVNET) is a promising network architecture that combines multiple network technologies such as IEEE 802.11p, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), and third/fourth generation cellular networks (3G/4G). In this network area, vehicle users can use wireless fi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/142 |
| _version_ | 1797469748950204416 |
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| author | Mahmoud Alawi Raed Alsaqour Maha Abdelhaq Reem Alkanhel Baraa Sharef Elankovan Sundararajan Mahamod Ismail |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Alawi Raed Alsaqour Maha Abdelhaq Reem Alkanhel Baraa Sharef Elankovan Sundararajan Mahamod Ismail |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Alawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A heterogeneous vehicular network (HetVNET) is a promising network architecture that combines multiple network technologies such as IEEE 802.11p, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), and third/fourth generation cellular networks (3G/4G). In this network area, vehicle users can use wireless fidelity access points (Wi-Fi APs) to offload 4G long-term evolution (4G-LTE) networks. However, when using Wi-Fi APs, the vehicles must organize themselves and select an appropriate mobile gateway (MGW) to communicate to the cellular infrastructure. Researchers are facing the problem of selecting the best MGW vehicle to aggregate vehicle traffic and reduce LTE load in HetVNETs when the Wi-Fi APs are unavailable for offloading. The selection process utilizes extra network overhead and complexity due to the frequent formation of clusters in this highly dynamic environment. In this study, we proposed a non-cluster adaptive QoS-aware gateway selection (AQAGS) scheme that autonomously picks a limited number of vehicles to act as LTE gateways based on the LTE network’s load status and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) application’s QoS requirements. The present AQAGS scheme focuses on highway scenarios. The proposed scheme was evaluated using simulation of Urban mobility (SUMO) and network simulator version 2 (NS2) simulators and benchmarked with the clustered and non-clustered schemes. A comparison was made based on the end-to-end delay, throughput, control packet overhead (CPO), and packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance metrics over Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications. Using VoIP, the AQAGS scheme achieved a 26.7% higher PDR compared with the other schemes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:33Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-8954 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-166a115a54dc4819afbcc06ae4a5ed6e2023-11-24T02:54:53ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542022-09-0110514210.3390/systems10050142Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular NetworkMahmoud Alawi0Raed Alsaqour1Maha Abdelhaq2Reem Alkanhel3Baraa Sharef4Elankovan Sundararajan5Mahamod Ismail6Karume Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Mbweni Road, P.O. Box 467, Zanzibar, TanzaniaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Information Technology, Department of Information Technology, Ahlia University, P.O. Box 10878, Manama, BahrainCentre for Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical, Electronic, and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaA heterogeneous vehicular network (HetVNET) is a promising network architecture that combines multiple network technologies such as IEEE 802.11p, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), and third/fourth generation cellular networks (3G/4G). In this network area, vehicle users can use wireless fidelity access points (Wi-Fi APs) to offload 4G long-term evolution (4G-LTE) networks. However, when using Wi-Fi APs, the vehicles must organize themselves and select an appropriate mobile gateway (MGW) to communicate to the cellular infrastructure. Researchers are facing the problem of selecting the best MGW vehicle to aggregate vehicle traffic and reduce LTE load in HetVNETs when the Wi-Fi APs are unavailable for offloading. The selection process utilizes extra network overhead and complexity due to the frequent formation of clusters in this highly dynamic environment. In this study, we proposed a non-cluster adaptive QoS-aware gateway selection (AQAGS) scheme that autonomously picks a limited number of vehicles to act as LTE gateways based on the LTE network’s load status and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) application’s QoS requirements. The present AQAGS scheme focuses on highway scenarios. The proposed scheme was evaluated using simulation of Urban mobility (SUMO) and network simulator version 2 (NS2) simulators and benchmarked with the clustered and non-clustered schemes. A comparison was made based on the end-to-end delay, throughput, control packet overhead (CPO), and packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance metrics over Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications. Using VoIP, the AQAGS scheme achieved a 26.7% higher PDR compared with the other schemes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/142vehicular networklong-term evolution network (LTE)heterogeneous vehicular networkquality of service |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Alawi Raed Alsaqour Maha Abdelhaq Reem Alkanhel Baraa Sharef Elankovan Sundararajan Mahamod Ismail Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network Systems vehicular network long-term evolution network (LTE) heterogeneous vehicular network quality of service |
| title | Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network |
| title_full | Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network |
| title_fullStr | Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network |
| title_short | Adaptive QoS-Aware Multi-Metrics Gateway Selection Scheme for Heterogenous Vehicular Network |
| title_sort | adaptive qos aware multi metrics gateway selection scheme for heterogenous vehicular network |
| topic | vehicular network long-term evolution network (LTE) heterogeneous vehicular network quality of service |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/10/5/142 |
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