Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment
Road lighting uniformity is an essential lighting quality parameter for motorists and pedestrians and varies with lighting design parameters. Increased road lighting uniformity may result in benefits, such as increased reassurance and perceived safety for pedestrians or an increased overall visual p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/2983 |
| _version_ | 1797505096395784192 |
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| author | Constantinos A. Bouroussis Annika K. Jägerbrand |
| author_facet | Constantinos A. Bouroussis Annika K. Jägerbrand |
| author_sort | Constantinos A. Bouroussis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Road lighting uniformity is an essential lighting quality parameter for motorists and pedestrians and varies with lighting design parameters. Increased road lighting uniformity may result in benefits, such as increased reassurance and perceived safety for pedestrians or an increased overall visual perception. However, no previous study has investigated how road lighting uniformity varies with lighting design scenarios or how the uniformity of various lighting design scenarios affects other essential parameters, such as energy performance and obtrusive light. This study aimed to investigate: (I) how uniformity varies with different road lighting design scenarios, and (II) how uniformity correlates with energy performance and risk for increasing spill light. The study is limited to pedestrian roads. We performed photometric calculations in ReluxDesktop for more than 1.5 million cases with single-sided pole arrangements and for various geometries of road width, pole distance, pole height, overhang, and luminaire tilt. The results were analyzed with a set of five relevant metrics that were calculated and analyzed together with uniformity. For the evaluation, we used the minimum luminaire power needed to achieve an average illuminance of 10 lx, the power density indicator (<i>D</i><sub>P</sub>), edge illuminance ratio (<i>R</i><sub>EI</sub>), and we introduced two new indicators for spill light on the ground in the border areas: the extended edge illuminance ratio (extended <i>R</i><sub>EI</sub>) and the spill flux ratio (<i>R</i><sub>SF</sub>). The results show that increased uniformity levels may significantly increase energy consumption and spill light, but that both these impacts can be relatively controlled if uniformity is kept under certain limits. The investigated cases also demonstrated that improper lighting planning significantly increases adverse effects, such as spill light. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:13:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-167d81601797412a871c3f755d9db58d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:13:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-167d81601797412a871c3f755d9db58d2023-11-23T08:04:50ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-04-01159298310.3390/en15092983Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside EnvironmentConstantinos A. Bouroussis0Annika K. Jägerbrand1Lighting Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, GreeceDepartment of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, P.O. Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, SwedenRoad lighting uniformity is an essential lighting quality parameter for motorists and pedestrians and varies with lighting design parameters. Increased road lighting uniformity may result in benefits, such as increased reassurance and perceived safety for pedestrians or an increased overall visual perception. However, no previous study has investigated how road lighting uniformity varies with lighting design scenarios or how the uniformity of various lighting design scenarios affects other essential parameters, such as energy performance and obtrusive light. This study aimed to investigate: (I) how uniformity varies with different road lighting design scenarios, and (II) how uniformity correlates with energy performance and risk for increasing spill light. The study is limited to pedestrian roads. We performed photometric calculations in ReluxDesktop for more than 1.5 million cases with single-sided pole arrangements and for various geometries of road width, pole distance, pole height, overhang, and luminaire tilt. The results were analyzed with a set of five relevant metrics that were calculated and analyzed together with uniformity. For the evaluation, we used the minimum luminaire power needed to achieve an average illuminance of 10 lx, the power density indicator (<i>D</i><sub>P</sub>), edge illuminance ratio (<i>R</i><sub>EI</sub>), and we introduced two new indicators for spill light on the ground in the border areas: the extended edge illuminance ratio (extended <i>R</i><sub>EI</sub>) and the spill flux ratio (<i>R</i><sub>SF</sub>). The results show that increased uniformity levels may significantly increase energy consumption and spill light, but that both these impacts can be relatively controlled if uniformity is kept under certain limits. The investigated cases also demonstrated that improper lighting planning significantly increases adverse effects, such as spill light.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/2983road lightinganalysisartificial lightlight pollutionenergy performance indicatorslighting metrics |
| spellingShingle | Constantinos A. Bouroussis Annika K. Jägerbrand Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment Energies road lighting analysis artificial light light pollution energy performance indicators lighting metrics |
| title | Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment |
| title_full | Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment |
| title_fullStr | Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment |
| title_short | Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment |
| title_sort | simulations and analysis of the optimum uniformity for pedestrian road lighting focusing on energy performance and spill light in the roadside environment |
| topic | road lighting analysis artificial light light pollution energy performance indicators lighting metrics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/2983 |
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