The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia
Background: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus that is most commonly associated with nosocomial diarrhea. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) at a tertiary health care center, Western region, Sau...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034122002143 |
| _version_ | 1811264373715369984 |
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| author | Abdulhakeem Althaqafi Adeeb Munshi Bayan Baghlaf Enas Munshi Manar Malakah Hassan Almarhabi Maher Alharbi Asim Alsaedi |
| author_facet | Abdulhakeem Althaqafi Adeeb Munshi Bayan Baghlaf Enas Munshi Manar Malakah Hassan Almarhabi Maher Alharbi Asim Alsaedi |
| author_sort | Abdulhakeem Althaqafi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus that is most commonly associated with nosocomial diarrhea. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) at a tertiary health care center, Western region, Saudi Arabia. We also aimed to examine the duration of exposure to each risk factor prior CDI development, and to categorize CDI as severe and non-severe depending on the white blood cell (WBC) count. Various complications of the infection were also analyzed. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Clostridium difficile toxin genes between October 2018 and October 2020. Results: The prevalence of CDI among the included patients was 9.1% (237 of 2611 patients). The mean age (standard deviation) was 56.86 (21) years, and the infection was more prevalent among men (52.74%) than among women (47.26%). The most common risk factor associated with CDI was recent antibiotic use (74.68%), followed by recent acid suppressant use (67.50%), malignancy (46%), and previous gastrointestinal surgery (6.30%). The CDI recurrence rate was 13.90%. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most frequently used broad-spectrum antibiotic, and was used in 38.8% of the patients, followed by meropenem. The most common malignancy type was lymphoma (22.94%, n = 25), followed by leukemia (n = 23). The most common type of surgery was subtotal colectomy (n = 6). Three patients underwent transverse colon resection, and two underwent ileocecal resection. Hypotension was the most frequently recorded complication (28.40%) in the study population. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of CDI among the study patients during the two-year study from October 2018 to October 2020 was 9.1%. Appropriate use of antibiotic and acid suppressants, and contact isolation measures can help in decreasing the number of CDI cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:03:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1680f3a396cc4910a6c0cd62e6afc0b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1876-0341 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T20:03:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection and Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1680f3a396cc4910a6c0cd62e6afc0b02022-12-22T03:18:28ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412022-10-01151010371042The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi ArabiaAbdulhakeem Althaqafi0Adeeb Munshi1Bayan Baghlaf2Enas Munshi3Manar Malakah4Hassan Almarhabi5Maher Alharbi6Asim Alsaedi7King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Correspondence to: Infectious Diseases Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus that is most commonly associated with nosocomial diarrhea. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) at a tertiary health care center, Western region, Saudi Arabia. We also aimed to examine the duration of exposure to each risk factor prior CDI development, and to categorize CDI as severe and non-severe depending on the white blood cell (WBC) count. Various complications of the infection were also analyzed. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for Clostridium difficile toxin genes between October 2018 and October 2020. Results: The prevalence of CDI among the included patients was 9.1% (237 of 2611 patients). The mean age (standard deviation) was 56.86 (21) years, and the infection was more prevalent among men (52.74%) than among women (47.26%). The most common risk factor associated with CDI was recent antibiotic use (74.68%), followed by recent acid suppressant use (67.50%), malignancy (46%), and previous gastrointestinal surgery (6.30%). The CDI recurrence rate was 13.90%. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most frequently used broad-spectrum antibiotic, and was used in 38.8% of the patients, followed by meropenem. The most common malignancy type was lymphoma (22.94%, n = 25), followed by leukemia (n = 23). The most common type of surgery was subtotal colectomy (n = 6). Three patients underwent transverse colon resection, and two underwent ileocecal resection. Hypotension was the most frequently recorded complication (28.40%) in the study population. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of CDI among the study patients during the two-year study from October 2018 to October 2020 was 9.1%. Appropriate use of antibiotic and acid suppressants, and contact isolation measures can help in decreasing the number of CDI cases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034122002143Clostridium difficileDiarrheaDiagnosisPrevalenceRisk factorsComplications |
| spellingShingle | Abdulhakeem Althaqafi Adeeb Munshi Bayan Baghlaf Enas Munshi Manar Malakah Hassan Almarhabi Maher Alharbi Asim Alsaedi The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia Journal of Infection and Public Health Clostridium difficile Diarrhea Diagnosis Prevalence Risk factors Complications |
| title | The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | The prevalence, risk factors, and complications of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center, western region, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | prevalence risk factors and complications of clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care center western region saudi arabia |
| topic | Clostridium difficile Diarrhea Diagnosis Prevalence Risk factors Complications |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034122002143 |
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