Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus and a major cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. We provide an overview of the knowledge on vector competence, vector capacity, and immunity of mosquitoes in relation to JEV. JEV has so far been detected in more than 30...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/317 |
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| author | Claudia Van den Eynde Charlotte Sohier Severine Matthijs Nick De Regge |
| author_facet | Claudia Van den Eynde Charlotte Sohier Severine Matthijs Nick De Regge |
| author_sort | Claudia Van den Eynde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus and a major cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. We provide an overview of the knowledge on vector competence, vector capacity, and immunity of mosquitoes in relation to JEV. JEV has so far been detected in more than 30 mosquito species. This does not necessarily mean that these species contribute to JEV transmission under field conditions. Therefore, vector capacity, which considers vector competence, as well as environmental, behavioral, cellular, and biochemical variables, needs to be taken into account. Currently, 17 species can be considered as confirmed vectors for JEV and 10 other species as potential vectors. <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> and <i>Culex annulirostris</i> are considered primary JEV vectors in endemic regions. <i>Culex pipiens</i> and <i>Aedes japonicus</i> could be considered as potentially important vectors in the case of JEV introduction in new regions. Vector competence is determined by various factors, including vector immunity. The available knowledge on physical and physiological barriers, molecular pathways, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiome is discussed in detail. This review highlights that much remains to be studied about vector immunity against JEV in order to identify novel strategies to reduce JEV transmission by mosquitoes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1699c6af055d4b94b01c9a6dfa31ea8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-1699c6af055d4b94b01c9a6dfa31ea8c2023-11-30T21:52:22ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-03-0111331710.3390/pathogens11030317Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito ImmunityClaudia Van den Eynde0Charlotte Sohier1Severine Matthijs2Nick De Regge3Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumExotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumEnzootic, Vector-Borne and Bee Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumExotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus and a major cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. We provide an overview of the knowledge on vector competence, vector capacity, and immunity of mosquitoes in relation to JEV. JEV has so far been detected in more than 30 mosquito species. This does not necessarily mean that these species contribute to JEV transmission under field conditions. Therefore, vector capacity, which considers vector competence, as well as environmental, behavioral, cellular, and biochemical variables, needs to be taken into account. Currently, 17 species can be considered as confirmed vectors for JEV and 10 other species as potential vectors. <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> and <i>Culex annulirostris</i> are considered primary JEV vectors in endemic regions. <i>Culex pipiens</i> and <i>Aedes japonicus</i> could be considered as potentially important vectors in the case of JEV introduction in new regions. Vector competence is determined by various factors, including vector immunity. The available knowledge on physical and physiological barriers, molecular pathways, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiome is discussed in detail. This review highlights that much remains to be studied about vector immunity against JEV in order to identify novel strategies to reduce JEV transmission by mosquitoes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/317Japanese encephalitis virusvector competencevector capacityvector immunityvirus–vector interactionsarboviruses |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Van den Eynde Charlotte Sohier Severine Matthijs Nick De Regge Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity Pathogens Japanese encephalitis virus vector competence vector capacity vector immunity virus–vector interactions arboviruses |
| title | Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity |
| title_full | Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity |
| title_fullStr | Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity |
| title_short | Japanese Encephalitis Virus Interaction with Mosquitoes: A Review of Vector Competence, Vector Capacity and Mosquito Immunity |
| title_sort | japanese encephalitis virus interaction with mosquitoes a review of vector competence vector capacity and mosquito immunity |
| topic | Japanese encephalitis virus vector competence vector capacity vector immunity virus–vector interactions arboviruses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/317 |
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