Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BACKGROUND Bacillus anthracis is the aetiologic agent of anthrax, a re-emerging, septicaemic, haemorrhagic and lethal disease that affects humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife. Plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 are attributes that confer pathogenicity to B. anthracis strains. This bacterium was used as biol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762020000100349&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1797715694073151488 |
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| author | Jacqueline RS Salgado Leon Rabinovitch Maria de Fátima dos S Gomes Regina Celia da SB Allil Marcelo Martins Werneck Rafael B Rodrigues Renata C Picão Fernanda Baptista de Oliveira Luiz Adriana M Vivoni |
| author_facet | Jacqueline RS Salgado Leon Rabinovitch Maria de Fátima dos S Gomes Regina Celia da SB Allil Marcelo Martins Werneck Rafael B Rodrigues Renata C Picão Fernanda Baptista de Oliveira Luiz Adriana M Vivoni |
| author_sort | Jacqueline RS Salgado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND Bacillus anthracis is the aetiologic agent of anthrax, a re-emerging, septicaemic, haemorrhagic and lethal disease that affects humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife. Plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 are attributes that confer pathogenicity to B. anthracis strains. This bacterium was used as biological weapon in the World Wars and in the biological attack in the United States of America at 2001. B. anthracis is classified as a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Anthrax is recognised as a re-emerging disease. Several studies concerning the dynamics of B. anthracis cycle in soil revealed that nonpathogenic B. anthracis strains due to lack of pXO2 plasmid are commonly found in some types of soil. OBJECTIVES This study aimed isolation and identification of B. anthracis spores in soil samples of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic approaches were used to identify isolates including MALDI-TOF/MS, motility test, susceptibility to gamma phage and penicillin, survey for pag and cap genes as surrogates of pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids, respectively, and sequencing of 16SrRNA-encoding gene. Physicochemical analysis of the soil samples were carried out to describe soil characteristics. FINDINGS We observed the presence of one B. anthracis pXO1+ and pXO2- isolated from clay loam soil; one B. anthracis-like strain pXO1+ and pXO2-isolated from loamy sand; and 10 Bacillus spp. strains sensitive to phage-gamma that need better characterisation to define which their species were recovered from loamy sand. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This work showed promising results and it was the first study to report results from an active surveillance for B. anthracis in Brazil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:10:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16ae509c5c884b8b82f5d642439b206b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-8060 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T08:10:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz |
| spelling | doaj.art-16ae509c5c884b8b82f5d642439b206b2023-09-02T19:07:02ZengFundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz1678-80602020-11-0111510.1590/0074-02760200370Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilJacqueline RS Salgadohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-9222Leon RabinovitchMaria de Fátima dos S GomesRegina Celia da SB AllilMarcelo Martins WerneckRafael B RodriguesRenata C PicãoFernanda Baptista de Oliveira LuizAdriana M VivoniBACKGROUND Bacillus anthracis is the aetiologic agent of anthrax, a re-emerging, septicaemic, haemorrhagic and lethal disease that affects humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife. Plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 are attributes that confer pathogenicity to B. anthracis strains. This bacterium was used as biological weapon in the World Wars and in the biological attack in the United States of America at 2001. B. anthracis is classified as a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Anthrax is recognised as a re-emerging disease. Several studies concerning the dynamics of B. anthracis cycle in soil revealed that nonpathogenic B. anthracis strains due to lack of pXO2 plasmid are commonly found in some types of soil. OBJECTIVES This study aimed isolation and identification of B. anthracis spores in soil samples of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic approaches were used to identify isolates including MALDI-TOF/MS, motility test, susceptibility to gamma phage and penicillin, survey for pag and cap genes as surrogates of pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids, respectively, and sequencing of 16SrRNA-encoding gene. Physicochemical analysis of the soil samples were carried out to describe soil characteristics. FINDINGS We observed the presence of one B. anthracis pXO1+ and pXO2- isolated from clay loam soil; one B. anthracis-like strain pXO1+ and pXO2-isolated from loamy sand; and 10 Bacillus spp. strains sensitive to phage-gamma that need better characterisation to define which their species were recovered from loamy sand. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This work showed promising results and it was the first study to report results from an active surveillance for B. anthracis in Brazil.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762020000100349&tlng=ensporesBacillus anthracisBacillus anthracis-likeanthrax and soil |
| spellingShingle | Jacqueline RS Salgado Leon Rabinovitch Maria de Fátima dos S Gomes Regina Celia da SB Allil Marcelo Martins Werneck Rafael B Rodrigues Renata C Picão Fernanda Baptista de Oliveira Luiz Adriana M Vivoni Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz spores Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis-like anthrax and soil |
| title | Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| title_full | Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| title_short | Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| title_sort | detection of bacillus anthracis and bacillus anthracis like spores in soil from state of rio de janeiro brazil |
| topic | spores Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis-like anthrax and soil |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762020000100349&tlng=en |
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