Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation.
BACKGROUND: Diamagnetic levitation is a technique that uses a strong, spatially varying magnetic field to simulate an altered gravity environment, as in space. In this study, using Streptomyces avermitilis as the test organism, we investigate whether changes in magnetic field and altered gravity ind...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3198441?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811310397640146944 |
|---|---|
| author | Mei Liu Hong Gao Peng Shang Xianlong Zhou Elizabeth Ashforth Ying Zhuo Difei Chen Biao Ren Zhiheng Liu Lixin Zhang |
| author_facet | Mei Liu Hong Gao Peng Shang Xianlong Zhou Elizabeth Ashforth Ying Zhuo Difei Chen Biao Ren Zhiheng Liu Lixin Zhang |
| author_sort | Mei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: Diamagnetic levitation is a technique that uses a strong, spatially varying magnetic field to simulate an altered gravity environment, as in space. In this study, using Streptomyces avermitilis as the test organism, we investigate whether changes in magnetic field and altered gravity induce changes in morphology and secondary metabolism. We find that a strong magnetic field (12T) inhibit the morphological development of S. avermitilis in solid culture, and increase the production of secondary metabolites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: S. avermitilis on solid medium was levitated at 0 g*, 1 g* and 2 g* in an altered gravity environment simulated by diamagnetic levitation and under a strong magnetic field, denoted by the asterix. The morphology was obtained by electromicroscopy. The production of the secondary metabolite, avermectin, was determined by OD(245 nm). The results showed that diamagnetic levitation could induce a physiological response in S. avermitilis. The difference between 1 g* and the control group grown without the strong magnetic field (1 g), showed that the magnetic field was a more dominant factor influencing changes in morphology and secondary metabolite production, than altered gravity. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We have discovered that magnetic field, rather than altered gravity, is the dominant factor in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation, therefore care should to be taken in the interpretation of results when using diamagnetic levitation as a technique to simulate altered gravity. Hence, these results are significant, and timely to researchers considering the use of diamagnetic levitation to explore effects of weightlessness on living organisms and on physical phenomena. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:58:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16aed9043e2645d29ee9fab4d9ab7f1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:58:11Z |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-16aed9043e2645d29ee9fab4d9ab7f1e2022-12-22T02:51:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032011-01-01610e2469710.1371/journal.pone.0024697Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation.Mei LiuHong GaoPeng ShangXianlong ZhouElizabeth AshforthYing ZhuoDifei ChenBiao RenZhiheng LiuLixin ZhangBACKGROUND: Diamagnetic levitation is a technique that uses a strong, spatially varying magnetic field to simulate an altered gravity environment, as in space. In this study, using Streptomyces avermitilis as the test organism, we investigate whether changes in magnetic field and altered gravity induce changes in morphology and secondary metabolism. We find that a strong magnetic field (12T) inhibit the morphological development of S. avermitilis in solid culture, and increase the production of secondary metabolites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: S. avermitilis on solid medium was levitated at 0 g*, 1 g* and 2 g* in an altered gravity environment simulated by diamagnetic levitation and under a strong magnetic field, denoted by the asterix. The morphology was obtained by electromicroscopy. The production of the secondary metabolite, avermectin, was determined by OD(245 nm). The results showed that diamagnetic levitation could induce a physiological response in S. avermitilis. The difference between 1 g* and the control group grown without the strong magnetic field (1 g), showed that the magnetic field was a more dominant factor influencing changes in morphology and secondary metabolite production, than altered gravity. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We have discovered that magnetic field, rather than altered gravity, is the dominant factor in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation, therefore care should to be taken in the interpretation of results when using diamagnetic levitation as a technique to simulate altered gravity. Hence, these results are significant, and timely to researchers considering the use of diamagnetic levitation to explore effects of weightlessness on living organisms and on physical phenomena.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3198441?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Mei Liu Hong Gao Peng Shang Xianlong Zhou Elizabeth Ashforth Ying Zhuo Difei Chen Biao Ren Zhiheng Liu Lixin Zhang Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. PLoS ONE |
| title | Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. |
| title_full | Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. |
| title_short | Magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of Streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation. |
| title_sort | magnetic field is the dominant factor to induce the response of streptomyces avermitilis in altered gravity simulated by diamagnetic levitation |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3198441?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT meiliu magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT honggao magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT pengshang magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT xianlongzhou magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT elizabethashforth magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT yingzhuo magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT difeichen magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT biaoren magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT zhihengliu magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation AT lixinzhang magneticfieldisthedominantfactortoinducetheresponseofstreptomycesavermitilisinalteredgravitysimulatedbydiamagneticlevitation |