The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study
The contamination of feed with mycotoxins results in reduced growth, feed refusal, immunosuppression, and health problems. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important mycotoxins. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of low doses of these mycotoxins on the histo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-04-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/148 |
| _version_ | 1828151152547463168 |
|---|---|
| author | Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz Bogdan Lewczuk Magdalena Prusik Maria Hanuszewska Marcela Petrusewicz-Kosińska Magdalena Gajęcka Łukasz Zielonka Maciej Gajęcki |
| author_facet | Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz Bogdan Lewczuk Magdalena Prusik Maria Hanuszewska Marcela Petrusewicz-Kosińska Magdalena Gajęcka Łukasz Zielonka Maciej Gajęcki |
| author_sort | Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contamination of feed with mycotoxins results in reduced growth, feed refusal, immunosuppression, and health problems. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important mycotoxins. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of low doses of these mycotoxins on the histological structure and ultrastructure of the large intestine in the pig. The study was performed on 36 immature gilts of mixed breed (White Polish Big × Polish White Earhanging), which were divided into four groups administrated per os with ZEN at 40 µg/kg BW, DON at 12 µg/kg BW, a mixture of ZEN (40 µg/kg BW) and DON (12 µg/kg BW) or a placebo. The pigs were killed by intravenous overdose of pentobarbital after one, three, and six weeks of treatment. The cecum, ascending and descending colon samples were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Administration of toxins did not influence the architecture of the mucosa and submucosa in the large intestine. ZEN and ZEN + DON significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the cecum and descending colon. The mycotoxins changed the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the large intestine, which usually increased in number. However, this effect differed between the intestine segments and toxins. Mycotoxins induced some changes in the ultrastructure of the mucosal epithelium. They did not affect the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen and the intestinal barrier permeability. The obtained results indicate that mycotoxins especially ZEN may influence the defense mechanisms of the large intestine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:53:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16b4a7dea53041a78b0f0ef9f0aa7d3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:53:44Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-16b4a7dea53041a78b0f0ef9f0aa7d3d2022-12-22T04:01:10ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512018-04-0110414810.3390/toxins10040148toxins10040148The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy StudyBarbara Przybylska-Gornowicz0Bogdan Lewczuk1Magdalena Prusik2Maria Hanuszewska3Marcela Petrusewicz-Kosińska4Magdalena Gajęcka5Łukasz Zielonka6Maciej Gajęcki7Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandThe contamination of feed with mycotoxins results in reduced growth, feed refusal, immunosuppression, and health problems. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important mycotoxins. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of low doses of these mycotoxins on the histological structure and ultrastructure of the large intestine in the pig. The study was performed on 36 immature gilts of mixed breed (White Polish Big × Polish White Earhanging), which were divided into four groups administrated per os with ZEN at 40 µg/kg BW, DON at 12 µg/kg BW, a mixture of ZEN (40 µg/kg BW) and DON (12 µg/kg BW) or a placebo. The pigs were killed by intravenous overdose of pentobarbital after one, three, and six weeks of treatment. The cecum, ascending and descending colon samples were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Administration of toxins did not influence the architecture of the mucosa and submucosa in the large intestine. ZEN and ZEN + DON significantly decreased the number of goblet cells in the cecum and descending colon. The mycotoxins changed the number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the large intestine, which usually increased in number. However, this effect differed between the intestine segments and toxins. Mycotoxins induced some changes in the ultrastructure of the mucosal epithelium. They did not affect the expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen and the intestinal barrier permeability. The obtained results indicate that mycotoxins especially ZEN may influence the defense mechanisms of the large intestine.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/148mycotoxinszearalenonedeoxynivalenolhistologyultrastructurelarge intestinepig |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz Bogdan Lewczuk Magdalena Prusik Maria Hanuszewska Marcela Petrusewicz-Kosińska Magdalena Gajęcka Łukasz Zielonka Maciej Gajęcki The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study Toxins mycotoxins zearalenone deoxynivalenol histology ultrastructure large intestine pig |
| title | The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study |
| title_full | The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study |
| title_short | The Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on the Pig Large Intestine. A Light and Electron Microscopy Study |
| title_sort | effects of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the pig large intestine a light and electron microscopy study |
| topic | mycotoxins zearalenone deoxynivalenol histology ultrastructure large intestine pig |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/10/4/148 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barbaraprzybylskagornowicz theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT bogdanlewczuk theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT magdalenaprusik theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT mariahanuszewska theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT marcelapetrusewiczkosinska theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT magdalenagajecka theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT łukaszzielonka theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT maciejgajecki theeffectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT barbaraprzybylskagornowicz effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT bogdanlewczuk effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT magdalenaprusik effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT mariahanuszewska effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT marcelapetrusewiczkosinska effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT magdalenagajecka effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT łukaszzielonka effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy AT maciejgajecki effectsofdeoxynivalenolandzearalenoneonthepiglargeintestinealightandelectronmicroscopystudy |