Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III
<p>Asia has attracted research attention because it has the highest anthropogenic emissions in the world, and the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was carried out to foster our understanding of the status of air quality over Asia. This study analyzed wet deposition i...
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Copernicus Publications
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8709/2021/acp-21-8709-2021.pdf |
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| author | S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang J. Kurokawa J. Tan J. Tan K. Huang K. Huang J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang |
| author_facet | S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang J. Kurokawa J. Tan J. Tan K. Huang K. Huang J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang |
| author_sort | S. Itahashi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Asia has attracted research attention because it has the highest
anthropogenic emissions in the world, and the Model Inter-Comparison Study
for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was carried out to foster our understanding
of the status of air quality over Asia. This study analyzed wet deposition
in southeast Asian countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Lao People's Democratic
Republic (PDR), Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia)
with the aim of providing insights into the seasonal variation of wet
deposition. Southeast Asia was not fully considered in MICS-Asia phase II
due to a lack of observational data; however, the analysis period of
MICS-Asia III, namely the year 2010, is covered by ground observations of
the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), and the
coordinated simulation domain was extended to cover these observation sites.
The analyzed species are wet depositions of S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur
dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and sulfuric acid (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>)), N (nitrate
aerosol, nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and nitric
acid (HNO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>)). The wet
deposition simulated with seven models driven by a unified meteorological
model in MICS-Asia III was used with the ensemble approach, which
effectively modulates the differences in performance among models. By
comparison with EANET observations, although the seven models generally
captured the wet depositions of S, N, and A, there were<span id="page8710"/> difficulties
capturing these in some cases. Considering the model performance for ambient
aerosol concentrations over southeast Asia, this failure of models is
considered to be related to the difficulty in capturing the precipitation in
southeast Asia, especially during the dry and wet seasons. Generally,
meteorological fields overestimate the precipitation during the dry season,
which leads to the overestimation of wet deposition during this season. To
overcome this, a precipitation-adjusted approach that scaled the modeled
precipitation to the observed value was applied, and it was demonstrated
that the model performance was improved. Satellite measurements were also
used to adjust for precipitation data, which adequately accounted for the
spatiotemporal precipitation patterns, especially in the dry season. As the
statistical scores were mostly improved by this adjustment, the estimation
of wet deposition with precipitation adjustment was considered to be
superior. To utilize satellite measurements, the spatial distribution of wet
deposition was revised. Based on this revision, it was found that Vietnam,
Malaysia, and Indonesia were upward corrected, and Myanmar, Thailand, Lao
PDR, Cambodia, and the Philippines were downward-corrected; these
corrections were up to <span class="inline-formula">±40</span> %. The improved accuracy of
precipitation amount was key to estimating wet deposition in this study.
These results suggest that the precipitation-adjusted approach has the
potential to obtain accurate estimates of wet deposition through the fusion
of models and observations.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:16:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16ba9ccdcaa7411e81dc3c657d259f62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T01:16:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-16ba9ccdcaa7411e81dc3c657d259f622022-12-21T18:43:51ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-06-01218709873410.5194/acp-21-8709-2021Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia IIIS. Itahashi0B. Ge1B. Ge2B. Ge3K. Sato4Z. Wang5Z. Wang6Z. Wang7J. Kurokawa8J. Tan9J. Tan10K. Huang11K. Huang12J. S. Fu13X. Wang14K. Yamaji15T. Nagashima16T. Nagashima17J. Li18J. Li19J. Li20M. Kajino21M. Kajino22G. R. Carmichael23Z. Wang24Z. Wang25Z. Wang26Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko, Chiba 270–1194, JapanState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950–2144, JapanState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaResearch Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816–8580, JapanAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Niigata 950–2144, JapanMultiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USADepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAInstitute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaGraduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 658–0022, JapanNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8506, JapanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, JapanState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, ChinaFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8572, JapanMeteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0052, JapanCenter for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100029, ChinaCollage of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xiamen 361021, China<p>Asia has attracted research attention because it has the highest anthropogenic emissions in the world, and the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III was carried out to foster our understanding of the status of air quality over Asia. This study analyzed wet deposition in southeast Asian countries (Myanmar, Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia) with the aim of providing insights into the seasonal variation of wet deposition. Southeast Asia was not fully considered in MICS-Asia phase II due to a lack of observational data; however, the analysis period of MICS-Asia III, namely the year 2010, is covered by ground observations of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), and the coordinated simulation domain was extended to cover these observation sites. The analyzed species are wet depositions of S (sulfate aerosol, sulfur dioxide (SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and sulfuric acid (H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>)), N (nitrate aerosol, nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), and nitric acid (HNO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>)), and A (ammonium aerosol and ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>)). The wet deposition simulated with seven models driven by a unified meteorological model in MICS-Asia III was used with the ensemble approach, which effectively modulates the differences in performance among models. By comparison with EANET observations, although the seven models generally captured the wet depositions of S, N, and A, there were<span id="page8710"/> difficulties capturing these in some cases. Considering the model performance for ambient aerosol concentrations over southeast Asia, this failure of models is considered to be related to the difficulty in capturing the precipitation in southeast Asia, especially during the dry and wet seasons. Generally, meteorological fields overestimate the precipitation during the dry season, which leads to the overestimation of wet deposition during this season. To overcome this, a precipitation-adjusted approach that scaled the modeled precipitation to the observed value was applied, and it was demonstrated that the model performance was improved. Satellite measurements were also used to adjust for precipitation data, which adequately accounted for the spatiotemporal precipitation patterns, especially in the dry season. As the statistical scores were mostly improved by this adjustment, the estimation of wet deposition with precipitation adjustment was considered to be superior. To utilize satellite measurements, the spatial distribution of wet deposition was revised. Based on this revision, it was found that Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia were upward corrected, and Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and the Philippines were downward-corrected; these corrections were up to <span class="inline-formula">±40</span> %. The improved accuracy of precipitation amount was key to estimating wet deposition in this study. These results suggest that the precipitation-adjusted approach has the potential to obtain accurate estimates of wet deposition through the fusion of models and observations.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8709/2021/acp-21-8709-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Itahashi B. Ge B. Ge B. Ge K. Sato Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang J. Kurokawa J. Tan J. Tan K. Huang K. Huang J. S. Fu X. Wang K. Yamaji T. Nagashima T. Nagashima J. Li J. Li J. Li M. Kajino M. Kajino G. R. Carmichael Z. Wang Z. Wang Z. Wang Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III |
| title_full | Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III |
| title_fullStr | Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III |
| title_short | Insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast Asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of MICS-Asia III |
| title_sort | insights into seasonal variation of wet deposition over southeast asia via precipitation adjustment from the findings of mics asia iii |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/8709/2021/acp-21-8709-2021.pdf |
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