Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons
Background and Aim: Pigeon rearing has been gaining popularity for recent years. They are reared remarkably very close to the house of the owner. This activity, therefore, may pose potential threats for humans as well as other animals as pigeons may carry and spread different pathogens including dru...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Veterinary World
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/October-2020/16.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818649356420513792 |
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| author | Shah Jungy Ibna Karim Mahfuzul Islam Tahmina Sikder Rubaya Rubaya Joyanta Halder Jahangir Alam |
| author_facet | Shah Jungy Ibna Karim Mahfuzul Islam Tahmina Sikder Rubaya Rubaya Joyanta Halder Jahangir Alam |
| author_sort | Shah Jungy Ibna Karim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Pigeon rearing has been gaining popularity for recent years. They are reared remarkably very close to the house of the owner. This activity, therefore, may pose potential threats for humans as well as other animals as pigeons may carry and spread different pathogens including drug-resistant bacteria. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. as well as their antibiogram profile along with an association analysis.
Materials and Methods: Forty swab samples were collected from 20 pigeons during the study. E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified on various types of agars, including MacConkey, Eosin methylene blue, Brilliant green, and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Biochemical tests such as the carbohydrate fermentation test, the triple sugar iron agar slant reaction, the indole test, the methyl red test, the catalase test, as well as the Voges–Proskauer test were also performed. Besides, the presence of E. coli was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed against nine antibiotics from seven classes on the Mueller-Hinton agar based on the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method.
Results: The overall prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. was 52.5 and 27.5%, respectively. The prevalence of the pathogenic E. coli was 61.90%. The antibiogram profile of 21 E. coli as well as 11 Salmonella spp. revealed that all isolates, except one, were resistant to one to six antibiotics. Around 61.90%, 71.43%, 23.81%, 61.90%, 23.81%, 19.05%, and 52.38% of E. coli showed resistance against amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline, respectively. Furthermore, E. coli resistance was not observed in case of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Similarly, around 36.36%, 27.27%, 27.27%, 45.45%, 81.82%, 100%, and 18.18% of the Salmonella spp. showed resistance against amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and levofloxacin, respectively. However, all Salmonella spp. (100%) were found to show sensitivity against ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli (23.80%) and Salmonella spp. (54.54%) were also isolated. Furthermore, both positive (odds ratio [OR] >1) and negative (OR <1) drug resistance associations, with a higher frequency of positive associations, were found in E. coli. A significant positive association was observed between ampicillin and amoxicillin (OR: 81.67, 95% confidence interval: 2.73-2447.57, p=0.01).
Conclusion: Pigeon carrying MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. may contribute to the transmission and spread of these microorganisms. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be taken during the farming of pigeons to decrease the potential transmission of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from pigeon to humans as well as other animals. So far, this is the first report of the PCR-based identification of pathogenic E. coli from pigeons in Bangladesh. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:33:01Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:33:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-16bb9f64a0704d5dbe0bba84cfe52b4c2022-12-21T22:08:31ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162020-10-0113102156216510.14202/vetworld.2020.2156-2165Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeonsShah Jungy Ibna Karim0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-5385Mahfuzul Islam1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-140XTahmina Sikder2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-2739Rubaya Rubaya3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-6890Joyanta Halder4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-3085Jahangir Alam5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-419XDepartment of Medicine and Public Health, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, South Korea.Department of Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh.Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.Background and Aim: Pigeon rearing has been gaining popularity for recent years. They are reared remarkably very close to the house of the owner. This activity, therefore, may pose potential threats for humans as well as other animals as pigeons may carry and spread different pathogens including drug-resistant bacteria. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. as well as their antibiogram profile along with an association analysis. Materials and Methods: Forty swab samples were collected from 20 pigeons during the study. E. coli and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified on various types of agars, including MacConkey, Eosin methylene blue, Brilliant green, and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Biochemical tests such as the carbohydrate fermentation test, the triple sugar iron agar slant reaction, the indole test, the methyl red test, the catalase test, as well as the Voges–Proskauer test were also performed. Besides, the presence of E. coli was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed against nine antibiotics from seven classes on the Mueller-Hinton agar based on the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The overall prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. was 52.5 and 27.5%, respectively. The prevalence of the pathogenic E. coli was 61.90%. The antibiogram profile of 21 E. coli as well as 11 Salmonella spp. revealed that all isolates, except one, were resistant to one to six antibiotics. Around 61.90%, 71.43%, 23.81%, 61.90%, 23.81%, 19.05%, and 52.38% of E. coli showed resistance against amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline, respectively. Furthermore, E. coli resistance was not observed in case of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Similarly, around 36.36%, 27.27%, 27.27%, 45.45%, 81.82%, 100%, and 18.18% of the Salmonella spp. showed resistance against amoxicillin, ampicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and levofloxacin, respectively. However, all Salmonella spp. (100%) were found to show sensitivity against ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli (23.80%) and Salmonella spp. (54.54%) were also isolated. Furthermore, both positive (odds ratio [OR] >1) and negative (OR <1) drug resistance associations, with a higher frequency of positive associations, were found in E. coli. A significant positive association was observed between ampicillin and amoxicillin (OR: 81.67, 95% confidence interval: 2.73-2447.57, p=0.01). Conclusion: Pigeon carrying MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. may contribute to the transmission and spread of these microorganisms. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be taken during the farming of pigeons to decrease the potential transmission of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from pigeon to humans as well as other animals. So far, this is the first report of the PCR-based identification of pathogenic E. coli from pigeons in Bangladesh.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/October-2020/16.pdfantimicrobial resistanceescherichia colimultidrug resistancepigeonsalmonella spp |
| spellingShingle | Shah Jungy Ibna Karim Mahfuzul Islam Tahmina Sikder Rubaya Rubaya Joyanta Halder Jahangir Alam Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons Veterinary World antimicrobial resistance escherichia coli multidrug resistance pigeon salmonella spp |
| title | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons |
| title_full | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons |
| title_fullStr | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons |
| title_short | Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons |
| title_sort | multidrug resistant escherichia coli and salmonella spp isolated from pigeons |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance escherichia coli multidrug resistance pigeon salmonella spp |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/October-2020/16.pdf |
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