Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome
Across all ages, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of sleep problems as well as cognitive impairments. This study sought to investigate whether circadian rhythm disruption was also experienced by people with DS and whether this kind of sleep disorder may be correlated with co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1403 |
| _version_ | 1827677142118301696 |
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| author | Annalysa Lovos Kenneth Bottrill Stella Sakhon Casandra Nyhuis Elizabeth Egleson Alison Luongo Melanie Murphy Angela John Thurman Leonard Abbeduto Nancy Raitano Lee Katharine Hughes Jamie Edgin |
| author_facet | Annalysa Lovos Kenneth Bottrill Stella Sakhon Casandra Nyhuis Elizabeth Egleson Alison Luongo Melanie Murphy Angela John Thurman Leonard Abbeduto Nancy Raitano Lee Katharine Hughes Jamie Edgin |
| author_sort | Annalysa Lovos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Across all ages, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of sleep problems as well as cognitive impairments. This study sought to investigate whether circadian rhythm disruption was also experienced by people with DS and whether this kind of sleep disorder may be correlated with cognitive performance. A cross-sectional study of 101 participants (58 with DS, 43 with typical development) included individuals in middle childhood (6–10 years old), adolescence (11–18 years old), and young adulthood (19–26 years old). Sleep and markers of circadian timing and robustness were calculated using actigraphy. Cognitive and behavioral data were gathered via a novel touchscreen battery (A-MAP<sup>TM</sup>, Arizona Memory Assessment for Preschoolers and Special Populations) and parent questionnaire. Results indicated that children and adolescents with DS slept the same amount as peers with typical development, but significant group differences were seen in phase timing. The circadian robustness markers, interdaily stability and intradaily variability of sleep-wake rhythms, were healthiest for children regardless of diagnostic group and worst for adults with DS. Amplitude of the 24-h activity profile was elevated for all individuals with DS. In analyses of the correlations between sleep quality, rhythms, and cognition in people with DS, interdaily stability was positively correlated with reaction time and negatively correlated with verbal and scene recall, a finding that indicates increased stability may paradoxically correlate with poorer cognitive outcomes. Further, we found no relations with sleep efficiency previously found in preschool and adult samples. Therefore, the current findings suggest that a thorough examination of sleep disorders in DS must take into account age as well as circadian robustness to better understand sleep-cognitive correlations in this group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:39:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16c54e4758594e12bfcebdfc1b0558e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:39:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-16c54e4758594e12bfcebdfc1b0558e72023-11-22T22:37:09ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-10-011111140310.3390/brainsci11111403Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down SyndromeAnnalysa Lovos0Kenneth Bottrill1Stella Sakhon2Casandra Nyhuis3Elizabeth Egleson4Alison Luongo5Melanie Murphy6Angela John Thurman7Leonard Abbeduto8Nancy Raitano Lee9Katharine Hughes10Jamie Edgin11Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAStatistics Department, Los Angeles Valley College, Van Nuys, Los Angeles, CA 91401, USACollege of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USADepartment of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physiology and Buiphysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USADepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAGoldsmiths College, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UKDepartment of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAAcross all ages, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience high rates of sleep problems as well as cognitive impairments. This study sought to investigate whether circadian rhythm disruption was also experienced by people with DS and whether this kind of sleep disorder may be correlated with cognitive performance. A cross-sectional study of 101 participants (58 with DS, 43 with typical development) included individuals in middle childhood (6–10 years old), adolescence (11–18 years old), and young adulthood (19–26 years old). Sleep and markers of circadian timing and robustness were calculated using actigraphy. Cognitive and behavioral data were gathered via a novel touchscreen battery (A-MAP<sup>TM</sup>, Arizona Memory Assessment for Preschoolers and Special Populations) and parent questionnaire. Results indicated that children and adolescents with DS slept the same amount as peers with typical development, but significant group differences were seen in phase timing. The circadian robustness markers, interdaily stability and intradaily variability of sleep-wake rhythms, were healthiest for children regardless of diagnostic group and worst for adults with DS. Amplitude of the 24-h activity profile was elevated for all individuals with DS. In analyses of the correlations between sleep quality, rhythms, and cognition in people with DS, interdaily stability was positively correlated with reaction time and negatively correlated with verbal and scene recall, a finding that indicates increased stability may paradoxically correlate with poorer cognitive outcomes. Further, we found no relations with sleep efficiency previously found in preschool and adult samples. Therefore, the current findings suggest that a thorough examination of sleep disorders in DS must take into account age as well as circadian robustness to better understand sleep-cognitive correlations in this group.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1403Down syndromesleepcircadian rhythmsmemoryexecutive functionreaction time |
| spellingShingle | Annalysa Lovos Kenneth Bottrill Stella Sakhon Casandra Nyhuis Elizabeth Egleson Alison Luongo Melanie Murphy Angela John Thurman Leonard Abbeduto Nancy Raitano Lee Katharine Hughes Jamie Edgin Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome Brain Sciences Down syndrome sleep circadian rhythms memory executive function reaction time |
| title | Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome |
| title_full | Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome |
| title_fullStr | Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome |
| title_short | Circadian Sleep-Activity Rhythm across Ages in Down Syndrome |
| title_sort | circadian sleep activity rhythm across ages in down syndrome |
| topic | Down syndrome sleep circadian rhythms memory executive function reaction time |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1403 |
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