A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions
To further improve air quality in China, especially ozone and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), additional reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are needed. Evaporative emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid vehicles are known to be an important s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1128 |
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| author | Di Peng Miao Tian Fei Yi Xinping Yang Liang Ji Junfang Wang Hang Yin Yan Ding Haiguang Zhao |
| author_facet | Di Peng Miao Tian Fei Yi Xinping Yang Liang Ji Junfang Wang Hang Yin Yan Ding Haiguang Zhao |
| author_sort | Di Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To further improve air quality in China, especially ozone and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), additional reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are needed. Evaporative emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid vehicles are known to be an important source of VOCs in urban cities, which can be efficiently reduced through the introduction of more stringent regulatory standards. The most stringent global standards for evaporative emissions are the U.S. Tier 3 light-duty vehicle standards. This study compares the evaporative emissions of light-duty ICE vehicles designed to China 6 and U.S. Tier 3 regulations for both China and U.S. test conditions. Data are analyzed from manufacturer testing of full vehicle evaporative emissions conducted in the laboratory following U.S. Tier 3 and China 6 certification test methods utilizing Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination (SHED) chambers equipped with Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers. Vehicles designed to U.S. Tier 3 standards are observed to have 64% lower diurnal and hot soak evaporative emissions and 98% lower canister bleed emissions relative to vehicles designed to China 6 standards. U.S. Tier 3, U.S. Tier 2, and China 6 light-duty evaporative emission certification values submitted by manufacturers are also compared. The average of all current U.S. Tier 3 certifications is, on average, 52.4% lower than the average of all China 6 certifications. The results from the testing and data analysis of five vehicles, with comparison to the certification data, suggest that the introduction of standards equivalent in stringency to U.S. Tier 3 in China can significantly reduce evaporative emissions relative to China 6. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16c940e4a48143c5b33a5fd9ac4156eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:19:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-16c940e4a48143c5b33a5fd9ac4156eb2023-11-18T18:15:53ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-07-01147112810.3390/atmos14071128A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test ConditionsDi Peng0Miao Tian1Fei Yi2Xinping Yang3Liang Ji4Junfang Wang5Hang Yin6Yan Ding7Haiguang Zhao8State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaTo further improve air quality in China, especially ozone and fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), additional reductions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are needed. Evaporative emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE) and hybrid vehicles are known to be an important source of VOCs in urban cities, which can be efficiently reduced through the introduction of more stringent regulatory standards. The most stringent global standards for evaporative emissions are the U.S. Tier 3 light-duty vehicle standards. This study compares the evaporative emissions of light-duty ICE vehicles designed to China 6 and U.S. Tier 3 regulations for both China and U.S. test conditions. Data are analyzed from manufacturer testing of full vehicle evaporative emissions conducted in the laboratory following U.S. Tier 3 and China 6 certification test methods utilizing Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination (SHED) chambers equipped with Flame Ionization Detection (FID) analyzers. Vehicles designed to U.S. Tier 3 standards are observed to have 64% lower diurnal and hot soak evaporative emissions and 98% lower canister bleed emissions relative to vehicles designed to China 6 standards. U.S. Tier 3, U.S. Tier 2, and China 6 light-duty evaporative emission certification values submitted by manufacturers are also compared. The average of all current U.S. Tier 3 certifications is, on average, 52.4% lower than the average of all China 6 certifications. The results from the testing and data analysis of five vehicles, with comparison to the certification data, suggest that the introduction of standards equivalent in stringency to U.S. Tier 3 in China can significantly reduce evaporative emissions relative to China 6.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1128BETP (Bleeding Emission Test Procedure)carbon canisterTier 3VOC emissions |
| spellingShingle | Di Peng Miao Tian Fei Yi Xinping Yang Liang Ji Junfang Wang Hang Yin Yan Ding Haiguang Zhao A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions Atmosphere BETP (Bleeding Emission Test Procedure) carbon canister Tier 3 VOC emissions |
| title | A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions |
| title_full | A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions |
| title_fullStr | A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions |
| title_short | A Comparison of the Evaporative Emissions Performance of Light-Duty Vehicles under US Tier 3 and China 6 Test Conditions |
| title_sort | comparison of the evaporative emissions performance of light duty vehicles under us tier 3 and china 6 test conditions |
| topic | BETP (Bleeding Emission Test Procedure) carbon canister Tier 3 VOC emissions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/7/1128 |
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