Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel
If a lubricant contains structures capable of conducting energy, reactions involving zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) may take place both very close to and away from the solid surfaces, with this indicating that ZDDP can be a highly effective anti-wear (AW) additive. The central thesis of this art...
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2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3529 |
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| author | Joanna Kowalczyk Monika Madej Wojciech Dzięgielewski Andrzej Kulczycki Magdalena Żółty Dariusz Ozimina |
| author_facet | Joanna Kowalczyk Monika Madej Wojciech Dzięgielewski Andrzej Kulczycki Magdalena Żółty Dariusz Ozimina |
| author_sort | Joanna Kowalczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | If a lubricant contains structures capable of conducting energy, reactions involving zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) may take place both very close to and away from the solid surfaces, with this indicating that ZDDP can be a highly effective anti-wear (AW) additive. The central thesis of this article is that the tribocatalytic effect is observed only when the energy emitted by the solids is transmitted by ordered molecular structures present in the lubricant, e.g., graphene. The friction tests were carried out for 100Cr6 steel balls in a sliding contact with uncoated or W-DLC-coated HS6-5-2C steel discs in the presence of polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO 8) as the lubricant, which was enhanced with graphene and/or ZDDP. There is sufficient evidence of the interactions occurring between ZDDP and graphene and their effects on the tribological performance of the system. It was also found that the higher the concentration of zinc in the wear area, the lower the wear. This was probably due to the energy transfer resulting from the catalytic decomposition of ZDDP molecules. Graphene, playing the role of the catalyst, contributed to that energy transfer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:04:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16cb9d563cbd477797116c2424229359 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:04:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-16cb9d563cbd477797116c24242293592023-11-22T01:37:41ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-06-011413352910.3390/ma14133529Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C SteelJoanna Kowalczyk0Monika Madej1Wojciech Dzięgielewski2Andrzej Kulczycki3Magdalena Żółty4Dariusz Ozimina5Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-614 Kielce, PolandFaculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-614 Kielce, PolandAir Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, PolandAir Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, PolandOil and Gas Institute-National Research Institute, 31-503 Cracow, PolandFaculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-614 Kielce, PolandIf a lubricant contains structures capable of conducting energy, reactions involving zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) may take place both very close to and away from the solid surfaces, with this indicating that ZDDP can be a highly effective anti-wear (AW) additive. The central thesis of this article is that the tribocatalytic effect is observed only when the energy emitted by the solids is transmitted by ordered molecular structures present in the lubricant, e.g., graphene. The friction tests were carried out for 100Cr6 steel balls in a sliding contact with uncoated or W-DLC-coated HS6-5-2C steel discs in the presence of polyalphaolefin 8 (PAO 8) as the lubricant, which was enhanced with graphene and/or ZDDP. There is sufficient evidence of the interactions occurring between ZDDP and graphene and their effects on the tribological performance of the system. It was also found that the higher the concentration of zinc in the wear area, the lower the wear. This was probably due to the energy transfer resulting from the catalytic decomposition of ZDDP molecules. Graphene, playing the role of the catalyst, contributed to that energy transfer.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3529graphenediamond-like carbonzinc dialkyldithiophosphatelubricant additivesurface layers of solid elements |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Kowalczyk Monika Madej Wojciech Dzięgielewski Andrzej Kulczycki Magdalena Żółty Dariusz Ozimina Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel Materials graphene diamond-like carbon zinc dialkyldithiophosphate lubricant additive surface layers of solid elements |
| title | Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel |
| title_full | Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel |
| title_fullStr | Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel |
| title_short | Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel |
| title_sort | tribochemical interactions between graphene and zddp in friction tests for uncoated and w dlc coated hs6 5 2c steel |
| topic | graphene diamond-like carbon zinc dialkyldithiophosphate lubricant additive surface layers of solid elements |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/13/3529 |
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