A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks
Network attacking using malware has become very popular on the Internet and in many other networks, namely Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) networks. It is required to have the model describing the malware spreading based on factors, which directly affect this process to limit its influences. In thi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2403 |
| _version_ | 1797516626524897280 |
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| author | Duc Tran Le Khanh Quoc Dang Quyen Le Thi Nguyen Soha Alhelaly Ammar Muthanna |
| author_facet | Duc Tran Le Khanh Quoc Dang Quyen Le Thi Nguyen Soha Alhelaly Ammar Muthanna |
| author_sort | Duc Tran Le |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Network attacking using malware has become very popular on the Internet and in many other networks, namely Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) networks. It is required to have the model describing the malware spreading based on factors, which directly affect this process to limit its influences. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model called SEIR-S (Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered–Susceptible) based on the characteristics of the VANET network and the well-known disease-spreading model SIR (Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered). We take into account possible behaviors of malware and provide the corresponding states to vehicles: Susceptible (<i>S</i>), Exposed (<i>E</i>), Infectious (<i>I</i>), Recovered (<i>R</i>). We evaluate the basic reproduction number <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the model and perform a stability analysis of the proposed model. The results show that, when <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> < 1, the malware spreading will gradually decrease, and, when <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> > 1, that spreading cannot be extinguished. We also point out the condition that we can control the endemic in the VANET network. In addition, the correctness of the proposed model is verified using both numerical analysis and agent-based simulation on NetLogo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:03:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16ccf4862d754762b253efec60e3f9a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:03:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-16ccf4862d754762b253efec60e3f9a42023-11-22T15:57:12ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-10-011019240310.3390/electronics10192403A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET NetworksDuc Tran Le0Khanh Quoc Dang1Quyen Le Thi Nguyen2Soha Alhelaly3Ammar Muthanna4Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science and Technology–The University of Danang, Danang 550000, VietnamFaculty of Information Technology, University of Science and Technology–The University of Danang, Danang 550000, VietnamFaculty of Information Technology, University of Science and Technology–The University of Danang, Danang 550000, VietnamCollege of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi ArabiaTelecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, RussiaNetwork attacking using malware has become very popular on the Internet and in many other networks, namely Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) networks. It is required to have the model describing the malware spreading based on factors, which directly affect this process to limit its influences. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model called SEIR-S (Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered–Susceptible) based on the characteristics of the VANET network and the well-known disease-spreading model SIR (Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered). We take into account possible behaviors of malware and provide the corresponding states to vehicles: Susceptible (<i>S</i>), Exposed (<i>E</i>), Infectious (<i>I</i>), Recovered (<i>R</i>). We evaluate the basic reproduction number <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the model and perform a stability analysis of the proposed model. The results show that, when <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> < 1, the malware spreading will gradually decrease, and, when <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> > 1, that spreading cannot be extinguished. We also point out the condition that we can control the endemic in the VANET network. In addition, the correctness of the proposed model is verified using both numerical analysis and agent-based simulation on NetLogo.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2403malwareSIRreproduction numbermathematical modelstability analysis |
| spellingShingle | Duc Tran Le Khanh Quoc Dang Quyen Le Thi Nguyen Soha Alhelaly Ammar Muthanna A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks Electronics malware SIR reproduction number mathematical model stability analysis |
| title | A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks |
| title_full | A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks |
| title_fullStr | A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks |
| title_short | A Behavior-Based Malware Spreading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in VANET Networks |
| title_sort | behavior based malware spreading model for vehicle to vehicle communications in vanet networks |
| topic | malware SIR reproduction number mathematical model stability analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/19/2403 |
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