VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant
Abstract The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants. Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant, in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene (VcRR2). Mu-legacy plants, c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford University Press
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Horticulture Research |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0180-0 |
| _version_ | 1818234551947755520 |
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| author | Tianyi Lin Aaron Walworth Xiaojuan Zong Gharbia H. Danial Elise M. Tomaszewski Pete Callow Xiumei Han L. Irina Zaharia Patrick P. Edger Gan-yuan Zhong Guo-qing Song |
| author_facet | Tianyi Lin Aaron Walworth Xiaojuan Zong Gharbia H. Danial Elise M. Tomaszewski Pete Callow Xiumei Han L. Irina Zaharia Patrick P. Edger Gan-yuan Zhong Guo-qing Song |
| author_sort | Tianyi Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants. Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant, in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene (VcRR2). Mu-legacy plants, compared with nontransgenic ‘Legacy’ plants, show dwarfing, promotion of flower bud formation, and can flower under nonchilling conditions. We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves, chilled and nonchilled flowering buds, and late-pink buds, and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and ‘Legacy’ plants. These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENT-COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1 (VcGA1), which induces new homeostasis of hormones, including increased gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels in Mu-legacy leaves. Consequently, increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1, which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis, respectively, initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches. In nonchilled flower buds, 29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and ‘Legacy’ plants, of which 22 were chilling responsive. Thus, these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions. We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:39:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-16e1bc5daef147db90b3b5a5745c0a6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2052-7276 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T11:39:53Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulture Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-16e1bc5daef147db90b3b5a5745c0a6c2022-12-22T00:25:34ZengOxford University PressHorticulture Research2052-72762019-08-016111610.1038/s41438-019-0180-0VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutantTianyi Lin0Aaron Walworth1Xiaojuan Zong2Gharbia H. Danial3Elise M. Tomaszewski4Pete Callow5Xiumei Han6L. Irina Zaharia7Patrick P. Edger8Gan-yuan Zhong9Guo-qing Song10Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityAquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of CanadaAquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of CanadaDepartment of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityGrape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARSPlant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityAbstract The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants. Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant, in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene (VcRR2). Mu-legacy plants, compared with nontransgenic ‘Legacy’ plants, show dwarfing, promotion of flower bud formation, and can flower under nonchilling conditions. We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves, chilled and nonchilled flowering buds, and late-pink buds, and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and ‘Legacy’ plants. These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENT-COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1 (VcGA1), which induces new homeostasis of hormones, including increased gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels in Mu-legacy leaves. Consequently, increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1, which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis, respectively, initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches. In nonchilled flower buds, 29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and ‘Legacy’ plants, of which 22 were chilling responsive. Thus, these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions. We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0180-0 |
| spellingShingle | Tianyi Lin Aaron Walworth Xiaojuan Zong Gharbia H. Danial Elise M. Tomaszewski Pete Callow Xiumei Han L. Irina Zaharia Patrick P. Edger Gan-yuan Zhong Guo-qing Song VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant Horticulture Research |
| title | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| title_full | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| title_fullStr | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| title_full_unstemmed | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| title_short | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| title_sort | vcrr2 regulates chilling mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0180-0 |
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